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a) Ta có: \(N=a^2+b^2+2a-b-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(=a^2+2a+1+b^2-b+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)^2+\left(b-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{2}\ge-\dfrac{3}{2}\forall a,b\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi a=-1 và \(b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(a^2+5b^2-4ab+2a-6b+3\)
\(=a^2-4ab+2a+5b^2-6b+3\)
\(=a^2-2a\left(2b-1\right)+5b^2-6b+3\)
\(=a^2-2.a.\frac{2b-1}{2}+\left(\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+5b^2-6b-\left(\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+3\)
\(=\left(a-\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+5a^2-6b-\frac{\left(2b-1\right)^2}{4}+3\)
\(=\left(a-\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+5a^2-6b-\frac{4b^2-4b+1}{4}+3\)
\(=\left(a-\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+5a^2-6b-b^2+b-\frac{1}{4}+3\)
\(=\left(a-\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+4b^2-5b+\frac{11}{4}\)
\(=\left(a-\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+\left(2b\right)^2-2.2b.\frac{5}{4}+\frac{25}{16}+\frac{19}{16}\)
\(=\left(a-\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+\left(2b-\frac{5}{4}\right)^2+\frac{19}{16}\)
Vì \(\left(a-\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2\ge0;\left(2b-\frac{5}{4}\right)^2\ge0=>\left(a-\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+\left(2b-\frac{5}{4}\right)^2+\frac{19}{16}\ge\frac{19}{16}>0\) (với mọi a,b) (đpcm)
\(\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow a^2+1-2a\ge0\Rightarrow a^2+1\ge2a\left(1\right)\)
\(\left(2b-3\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow4b^2+9-12b\ge0\Rightarrow4b^2+9\ge12b\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(c\sqrt[]{3}-\sqrt[]{3}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow3c^2+3-6c\ge0\Rightarrow3c^2+3\ge6c\left(3\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(3\right)\Rightarrow a^2+1+4b^2+9+3c^2+3\ge2a+12b+6c\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+4b^2+3c^2+1+9+3\ge2a+12b+6c\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+4b^2+3c^2+13\ge2a+12b+6c\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+4b^2+3c^2\ge2a+12b+6c-13\)
mà \(2a+12b+6c-13>2a+12b+6c-14\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+4b^2+3c^2>2a+12b+6c-14\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
\(VT=a^2+4b^2+1-4ab+2a-4b+b^2-2b+1+1\)
\(VT=\left(a-2b+1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+1>0\) (đpcm)
