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VIẾT MỘT ĐOẠN VĂN MIÊU TẢ KỲ NGHỈ HÈ Everybody loves holidays because during our holidays we can relax and have fun. We get enough time to travel, play our favorite sports and practice our hobbies. My Favorite holiday is Last Holiday. Below I will tell you about my last holiday. I had always dreamed about going to XYZ (name of a city) and near places. On 27th July I , my family departed ABC (name of a district) towards our first destination, Xyz . As soon as we reached there after a long journey, I was stunned by the beautiful scenic views that I only saw in pictures. I was totally lost in the scenic views that I forgot to blink my eyes. We stayed in the 5-star hotel in front of the beach. Next day, we hired a boat for a trip to see small islands. It was simply amazing.We swam all day and return our Hotel. Following day we hired a car and saw historical place, visited museum and doing shopping. It was a beautiful and excited.The holiday was a perfect. We did so many activities which included Swimming, Football, Scuba diving, Boat trip,Visiting museum, Paragliding etc. We also watched the sunrise of BBB summit, it was very romantic. It was the most amazing and spectacular experience of my life that I was stunned by God’s creation of a heaven-like place on earth. Our journey ended on 4th of August. On our way back we traveled by bus again. During the trip I thought, ‘Those days were amazing and unforgettable, I wished if I had more days to spend over there’. My holiday was exciting and full of joy. I enjoyed it immensely. I am looking forward to going there again soon.
I. CAN – COULD
A. CAN
CAN chỉ có 2 thì: Hiện tại và Quá khứ đơn. Những hình thức khác ta dùng động từ tương đương “be able to”. CAN cũng có thể được dùng như một trợ động từ để hình thành một số cách nói riêng.
1. CAN và COULD có nghĩa là “có thể”, diễn tả một khả năng (ability).
Can you swim?
She could ride a bicycle when she was five years old.
2. Trong văn nói (colloquial speech), CAN được dùng thay cho MAY để diễn tả một sự cho phép (permission) và thể phủ định CANNOT được dùng để diễn tả một sự cấm đoán (prohibition).
In London buses you can smoke on the upper deck, but you can’t smoke downstairs.
3. CAN cũng diễn tả một điều có thể xảy đến (possibility). Trong câu hỏi và câu cảm thán CAN có nghĩa là ‘Is it possible…?’
Can it be true?
It surely can’t be four o’clock already!
4. CANNOT được dùng để diễn tả một điều khó có thể xảy ra (virtual impossibility).
He can’t have missed the way. I explained the route carefully.
5. Khi dùng với động từ tri giác (verbs of perception) CAN cho ý nghĩa tương đương với thì Tiếp diễn (Continuous Tense).
Listen! I think I can hear the sound of the sea. (không dùng I am hearing)
B. COULD
1. COULD là thì quá khứ đơn của CAN.
She could swim when she was five.
2. COULD còn được dùng trong câu điều kiện.
If you tried, you could do that work.
3. Trong cách nói thân mật, COULD được xem như nhiều tính chất lịch sự hơn CAN.
Can you change a 20-dollar note for me, please?
Could you tell me the right time, please?
4. COULD được dùng để diển tả một sự ngờ vực hay một lời phản kháng nhẹ nhàng.
His story could be true, but I hardly think it is.
I could do the job today, but I’d rather put it off until tomorrow.
5. COULD – WAS/WERE ABLE TO
– Nếu hành động diễn tả một khả năng, một kiến thức, COULD được dùng thường hơn WAS/WERE ABLE TO.
He hurt his foot, and he couldn’t play in the match.
The door was locked, and I couldn’t open it.
– Nếu câu nói hàm ý một sự thành công trong việc thực hiện hành động (succeeded in doing) thì WAS/WERE ABLE TO được sử dụng chứ không phải COULD.
I finished my work early and so was able to go to the pub with my friends.
II. MAY – MIGHT
1. MAY và dạng quá khứ MIGHT diễn tả sự xin phép, cho phép (permission).
May I take this book? – Yes, you may.
She asked if she might go to the party.
2. MAY/MIGHT dùng diễn tả một khả năng có thể xảy ra hay không thể xảy ra.
It may rain.
He admitted that the news might be true.
3. Dùng trong câu cảm thán, MAY/MIGHT diễn tả một lời cầu chúc.
May all your dreams come true!
Trong cách dùng này có thể xem MAY như một loại Bàng Thái cách (Subjunctive).
4. MAY/MIGHT dùng trong mệnh đề theo sau các động từ hope (hy vọng) và trust (tin tưởng).
I trust (hope) that you may find this plan to your satisfaction.
He trust (hoped) that we might find the plan to our satisfaction.
5. MAY/MIGHT dùng thay cho một mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ (adverb clauses of concession).
He may be poor, but he is honest. (Though he is poor…)
Try as he may, he will not pass the examination. (Though he tries hard…)
Try as he might, he could not pass the examination. (Though he tried hard…)
6. MAY/MIGHT thường được dùng trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích (adverb clauses of purpose). Trong trường hợp này người ta cũng thường dùng CANCOULD để thay cho MAY/MIGHT.
She was studying so /that she might read English books.
7. MIGHT (không dùng MAY) đôi khi được dùng trong câu để diễn tả một lời trách mắng có tính hờn dỗi (petulant reproach).
You might listen when I am talking to you.
(Làm ơn ráng mà lắng nghe tôi nói)
You might try to be a little more helpful.
(Làm ơn ráng mà tỏ ra có ích một chút)
III. MUST
1. MUST có nghĩa là “phải” diễn tả một mệnh lệnh hay một sự bắt buộc.
You must drive on the left in London.
2. MUST dùng trong câu suy luận logic.
Are you going home at midnight? You must be mad!
You have worked hard all day; you must be tired.
3. MUST NOT (MUSTN’T) diễn tả một lệnh cấm.
You mustn’t walk on the grass.
4. Khi muốn diễn tả thể phủ định của MUST với ý nghĩa “không cần thiết” người ta sử dụng NEED NOT (NEEDN’T).
Must I do it now? – No, you needn’t. Tomorrow will be soon enough.
6. MUST và HAVE TO
– HAVE TO dùng thay cho MUST trong những hình thức mà MUST không có.
We shall have to hurry if we are going to catch the twelve o’clock train.
– HAVE TO không thể thay thế MUST trong câu suy luận logic.
He must be mad. (I personally thought that he was mad)
– MUST và HAVE TO đều có thể dùng để diễn tả sự cưỡng bách, bắt buộc (compulsion). Tuy nhiên MUST mang ý nghĩa sự cưỡng bách đến từ người nói trong khi HAVE TO mang ý nghĩa sự cưỡng bách đến từ hoàn cảnh bên ngoài (external circumstances)
You must do what I tell you.
Passengers must cross the line by the bridge. (Lệnh của Cục Đường Sắt)
Passengers have to cross the line by the bridge. (Vì không còn đường nào khác)
IV. SHALL – SHOULD
1. SHALL:
Được dùng trong những trường hợp sau:
– Dùng trong cấu trúc thì Tương lai (Simple Future) ở ngôi thứ nhất.
I shall do what I like.
– Diễn tả một lời hứa (promise), một sự quả quyết (determination) hay một mối đe dọa (threat).
If you work hard, you shall have a holiday on Saturday. (promise)
He shall suffer for this; he shall pay you what he owes you. (threat)
These people want to buy my house, but they shan’t have it. (determination)
2. SHOULD
Được dùng trong những trường hợp sau:
– Dùng trong câu khuyên ai đó nên làm gì, và tương đương với ought to.
You should do what the teacher tells you.
People who live in glass houses should not throw stones. (proverb)
– Dùng thay cho must khi không muốn diễn tả một ý nghĩa quá bắt buộc ai đó phải làm gì.
Members who want tickets for the dance should apply before September 1st to the Secretary.
V. WILL – WOULD
1. WILL:
– Được dùng ở thì Tương lai (simple future), diễn tả một kế hoạch (plan), sự mong muốn (willingness), một lời hứa (promise) hay một sự quả quyết (determination).
All right; I will pay you at the rate you ask. (willingness)
I won’t forget little Margaret’s birthday. I will send her a present. (promise)
– Dùng trong câu đề nghị.
Will you shut the door?
Shall I open the window?
2. WOULD:
– Dùng để hình thành thì Tương lai trong quá khứ (future in the past) hay các thì trong câu điều kiện.
He said he would send it to me, but he didn’t.
If she were here, she would help us.
He would have been very happy if he had known about it.
– Diễn tả một thói quen trong quá khứ. Với nghĩa này, WOULD có thể dùng thay choused to.
Every day he would get up at six o’clock and light the fire.
VI. OUGHT TO – DARE – NEED
1. OUGHT TO
OUGHT TO có nghĩa là “nên”, gần giống với should. Trong hầu hết các trường hợp OUGHT TO có thể được thay thế bằng should.
They ought to (should) pay the money.
He ought to (should) be ashamed of himself.
– OUGHT TO cũng dùng để diễn tả một sự gần đúng, rất có thể đúng (strong probability).
If Alice left home at 9:00, she ought to be here any minute now.
– OUGHT TO có thể dùng trong tương lai với các từ xác định thời gian tương lai như tomorrow, next Tuesday…
Our team ought to win the match tomorrow.
– OUGHT NOT TO HAVE + past participle diễn tả một sự không tán đồng về một hành động đã làm trong quá khứ.
You ought not to have spent all that money on such a thing.
2. DARE
– DARE có nghĩa là “dám, cả gan” có thể được xem như một động từ khuyết lẫn động từ thường. Khi là một động từ khuyết thiếu, nó có đầy đủ đặc tính của loại động từ này.
Dare he go and speak to her? (động từ khuyết thiếu)
You daren’t climb that tree, dare you? (động từ khuyết thiếu)
He doesn’t dare to answer my letter. (động từ thường)
She didn’t dare to say a word, did she? (động từ thường)
– Thành ngữ “I dare say” có nghĩa là “có thể, có lẽ” đồng nghĩa với các từ “perhaps”, “it is probable”. Thành ngữ này thường không dùng với chủ từ nào khác ngoài ngôi thứ nhất.
He is not here yet, but I daresay he will come later.
3. NEED
– Có hai động từ NEED: một động từ thường và một động từ khuyết thiếu. Khi là động từ khuyết thiếu NEED chỉ có hình thức Hiện tại và có đầy đủ đặc tính của một động từ khuyết thiếu. Nó có nghĩa là “cần phải”, tương tự như have to. Vì thế nó cũng được xem là một loại phủ định của must.
Need he work so hard?
You needn’t go yet, need you?
– Có một điều cần nhớ là động từ khuyết thiếu NEED không dùng ở thể xác định. Nó chỉ được dùng ở thể phủ định và nghi vấn. Khi dùng ở thể xác định nó phải được dùng với một từ ngữ phủ định.
You needn’t see him, but I must.
I hardly need say how much I enjoyed the holiday.
1. (+) I have already done this home work.
(-) I haven't done this home work.
(?) Have you done this homework?
2. He has washed the car
He hasn't washed the car.
Has he washed the car?
3. She has already eaten this cake.
She hasn't eaten this cake.
Has she eaten this cake?
4. I have been to London.
I haven't been to London.
Have I been to London?
5. She has taught English.
She hasn't taught English.
Has she taught English.
Nhớ kiểm tra lại xem có sai sót ko nhé
Tham khảo:
I have seen that movie twenty times.I think I have met him once before.There have been many earthquakes in California.People have traveled to the Moon.People have not traveled to Mars.Have you read the book yet?Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.Has there ever been a war in the United States?Yes, there has been a war in the United States.I have been to France.I have been to France three times.I have never been to France.I think I have seen that movie before.He has never traveled by train.Joan has studied two foreign languages.Have you ever met him?No, I have not met him.You have grown since the last time I saw you.The government has become more interested in arts education.Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established.My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.Man has walked on the Moon.Our son has learned how to read.Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.Scientists have split the atom.James has not finished his homework yet.Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.Bill has still not arrived.The rain hasn't stopped.The army has attacked that city five times.I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.We have had many major problems while working on this project.She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.Have you been to Mexico in the last year?I have seen that movie six times in the last month.They have had three tests in the last week.She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three different companies so far.My car has broken down three times this week.I have been to Mexico in the last year.I have had a cold for two weeks.She has been in England for six months.Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.You have only seen that movie one time.Have you only seen that movie one time?Many tourists have visited that castle.That castle has been visited by many tourists.Rani has broken her arm.The girls have played tennis at the club since 2005.I‘ve already made several calls.I’ve used those images before.He’s already had the surgery.We’ve just gotten home.He has sung that song.I haven’t eaten at that restaurant in a long time.Jim hasn’t worked on Fridays since he joined the company.My friends haven’t ever gone to France.I have not forgiven you!Have you ever gone ice skating?Has Jerry presented his ideas to the CEO yet?When have I ever lied to you?Why has Tanya left the country?How much money have you spent so far?John has known her for a couple of years, hasn’t he?They have been in business since 1980, haven’t they?Keisha hasn’t spoken to you yet, has she?Those kids have never played rugby, have they?Dan has worked in that company for 12 years.Have you heard the news?The boys have never eaten sushi.I’ve already made several calls.I haven’t eaten at that restaurant yet.I have lived in Bristol since 1984She has been to the cinema twice this weekWe have visited Portugal several times.I have just finished my work.He has read 'War and Peace'.They haven't lived here for years.She has worked in the bank for five years.We have had the same car for ten years.Have you played the piano since you were a child?I have worked hard this week.It has rained a lot this year.We haven't seen her today.They have seen that film six times.It has happened several times already.She has visited them frequently.We have eaten at that restaurant many times.Have you just finished work?I have just eaten.We have just seen her.Has he just left?Someone has eaten my soup!Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.You have done a nice job.I have finished all my tasks.He has bought a camera.He has not started a business.They have not called us.Have they played a game?
Exercise 3. Complete the following sentences (use affirmative or negative form):
1. My friend is finding life in Paris a bit difficult. He doesn't speak French.
2. Most students live quite close to the college, so they walk there every day.
3. How often do you look in a mirror?
4. I've got four cats and two dogs. I love animals.
5. No breakfast for Mark, thanks. He doesn't eat breakfast.
6. What's the matter? You don't look very happy.
7. Don't try to ring the bell. It doesn't work.
8. I hate telephone answering machines. I just like talking to them.
9. Matthew is good at basketball. He wins every game.
10. We always travel by bus. We don't own a car.
Exercise 4. Give the correct form of the words in brackets to make meaningful sentences:
1. It is a fact that smartphone helps us a lot in our life.
2. I often travel to some of my favorite destinations every summer.
3. Our Math lesson usually finishes at 4.00 PM.
4. The reason why Susan doesn't eat meat is that she is a vegetarian.
5. People in Ho Chi Minh City are very friendly and they smile a lot.
6. The flight starts at 6 AM every Thursday.
7. Peter doesn't study very hard. He never gets high scores.
8. I like oranges and she likes apples.
9. My mom and my sister cook lunch everyday.
10. They have breakfast together every morning.
2 VD (Simple Present):
I am not a teacher. (Tôi không phải là giáo viên.)
He is not tall. (Anh ấy không có cao.)
We are not friends. (Chúng tôi không phải là bạn của nhau.)
Mình chỉ biết lấy ví dụ thôi nhé
I have studied English for 7 years
=I studied English 7 years ago
I have an apple
I have a banana
I have some foods on the table
I haven't any dog
hỉu rầu
A.I love cat, too
She can dance, too
He is singer, too
We go to school, too
They do homework, too
B.I don't like dog, either
It is't book, either
These are't pens, either
She can't sing, either
He don't housework, either
CHÚC BẠN HỌC TỐT !
(tick cho mình nha)