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\(S=1+2+2^2+....+2^{50}\)
\(2S=2+2^2+2^3+....+2^{51}\)
\(2S-S=\left(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{51}\right)-\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{50}\right)\)
\(S=2^{51}-1\)
Vì \(2^{51}-1< 2^{51}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< 2^{51}\)
\(2S=2+2^2+.........+2^{51}\)
\(2S-S=\left(2+2^2+.......+2^{51}\right)-\left(1+2+.......+2^{50}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S=2^{51}-1< 2^{51}\)
Vậy S<251
Ta có \(S=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{2^2}+\frac{3}{2^3}+...+\frac{2018}{2^{2018}}+\frac{2019}{2^{2019}}\)
=> 2S = \(1+1+\frac{3}{2^2}+...+\frac{2018}{2^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{2^{2018}}\)
Khi đó 2S - S = \(\left(1+1+\frac{3}{2^2}+..+\frac{2018}{2^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{2^{2018}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{2^2}+\frac{3}{2^3}+...+\frac{2018}{2^{2018}}+\frac{2^{2019}}{2019}\right)\)
=> S = \(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2017}}+\frac{1}{2^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{2^{2019}}\)
Đặt P = \(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2017}}+\frac{1}{2^{2018}}\)
=> 2P = \(2+1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2016}}+\frac{1}{2^{2017}}\)
Khi đó 2P - P = \(\left(2+1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2016}}+\frac{1}{2^{2017}}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2017}}+\frac{1}{2^{2018}}\right)\)
P = \(2-\frac{1}{2^{2018}}\)
Thay P vào S
=> S = \(2-\frac{1}{2^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{2^{2019}}=2-\frac{2}{2^{2019}}-\frac{2019}{2^{2019}}=2-\frac{2021}{2^{2019}}< 2\)
Vậy S < 2
2S=2(1+2+22+...+250)
2S=2+22+...+251
2S-S=(2+22+...+251)-(1+2+22+...+250)
S=251-1<251
=>S<251
S=24+25+...+225
=> 2S=2(24+25+...+225)
=> 2S=25+26+...+226
=> 2S-S=(25+26+...+226)-(24+25+...+225)
=> S=226-24
=> S=226-16
Vì 226-15 > 226-16
=> S < 226-15
\(S=2^4+2^5+2^6+....+2^{24}+2^{25}\)
\(\Rightarrow2S=2^5+2^6+2^7+....+2^{25}+2^{26}\)
\(\Rightarrow2S-S=S=2^{26}-2^4=2^{26}-16\)
\(2^{26}-16< 2^{26}-15\)
\(\Rightarrow S< 2^{26}-15\)
\(S=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2005}\\ 2S=2+2^2+...+2^{2006}\\ 2S-S=S=2^{2006}-1< 2^{2006}+2^{2004}=2^2\cdot2^{2004}+2^{2004}=5\cdot2^{2004}\)
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Học giỏi nha
S=2^2018 -1
tách ra để so sánh với 5.2?^2016