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\(\Delta=b^2-4ac\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z_1=\dfrac{-b-i\sqrt{4ac-b^2}}{2a}\\z_2=\dfrac{-b+i\sqrt{4ac-b^2}}{2a}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left|z_1+z_2\right|^2=\dfrac{b^2}{a^2};\left|z_1-z_2\right|^2=\dfrac{4ac-b^2}{a^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{4c}{a}\) => C
Em chỉ giải ra được 1 TH dấu bằng thôi: a = b = c (còn trường hợp a = b; c=0 và các hoán vị thì em chịu, vì khi xét dấu = trong bđt thì em chỉ xảy ra 1 th)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel;
\(VT\ge\frac{16}{a^2+b^2+c^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge\frac{16}{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)\(=\frac{12}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\) (đpcm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\text{VT}=a-\frac{2ab^2}{a+2b^2}+b-\frac{2bc^2}{b+2c^2}+c-\frac{2ca^2}{c+2a^2}\)
\(=(a+b+c)-2\left(\frac{ab^2}{a+2b^2}+\frac{bc^2}{b+2c^2}+\frac{ca^2}{c+2a^2}\right)\)
\(=(a+b+c)-2\left(\frac{ab^2}{a+b^2+b^2}+\frac{bc^2}{b+c^2+c^2}+\frac{ca^2}{c+a^2+a^2}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho các số dương:
\(\text{VT}\geq (a+b+c)-2\left(\frac{ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{ab^4}}+\frac{bc^2}{3\sqrt[3]{bc^4}}+\frac{ca^2}{3\sqrt[3]{ca^4}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq (a+b+c)-\frac{2}{3}(\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2}+\sqrt[3]{b^2c^2}+\sqrt[3]{c^2a^2})\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy tiếp:
\(\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2}+\sqrt[3]{b^2c^2}+\sqrt[3]{c^2a^2}\leq \frac{ab+ab+1}{3}+\frac{bc+bc+1}{3}+\frac{ca+ca+1}{3}\)
\(=\frac{2(ab+bc+ac)+3}{3}\leq \frac{2.\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}+3}{3}\)
Do đó: \(\text{VT}\geq (a+b+c)-\frac{2}{3}.\frac{2.\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}+3}{3}=1\) do $a+b+c=3$
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a+2\right)\left(c+2\right)+b\left(a+2\right)\left(c+2\right)+c\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)\le\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\le8+abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\le2+abc\)
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(b=mid\left\{a;b;c\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc\ge b^2+ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab^2+ca^2\le a^2b+abc\)
\(\Rightarrow ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\le bc^2+a^2b+abc=b\left(a^2+c^2\right)+abc=b\left(2-b^2\right)+abc\)
\(=2+abc-\left(b-1\right)^2\left(b+2\right)\le2+abc\) (đpcm)
\(P=\dfrac{a}{2b+3c}+\dfrac{b}{2c+3a}+\dfrac{c}{2a+3b}\left(a;b;c>0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{a^2}{2ab+3ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{2bc+3ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ac+3bc}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{a^2}{m}+\dfrac{b^2}{n}+\dfrac{c^2}{q}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{m+n+q}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{5\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{5\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\left(1\right)\)
Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2\ge2ab\\b^2+c^2\ge2bc\\a^2+c^2\ge2ac\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{a^2}{2ab+3ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{2bc+3ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ac+3bc}\ge\dfrac{ab+bc+ca+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{5\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{5\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Vậy \(Min\left(P\right)=\dfrac{3}{5}\left(tại.a=b=c\right)\)
Bổ sung chứng minh Bất đẳng thức :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{m}+\dfrac{b^2}{n}+\dfrac{c^2}{q}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{m+n+q}\)
Theo BĐT Bunhiacopxki :
\(\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt[]{m}}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt[]{n}}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt[]{q}}\right)^2.\left[\left(\sqrt[]{m}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[]{n}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[]{q}\right)^2\right]\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{m}+\dfrac{b^2}{n}+\dfrac{c^2}{q}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{m+n+q}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+15bc}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+15ca}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+15ab}}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a\sqrt{a^2+15bc}}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\sqrt{b^2+15ca}}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\sqrt{c^2+15ab}}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Caushy-Schwarz ta được:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a\sqrt{a^2+15bc}}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\sqrt{b^2+15ca}}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\sqrt{c^2+15ab}}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a\sqrt{a^2+15bc}+b\sqrt{b^2+15ca}+c\sqrt{c^2+15ab}}\)
Ta chứng minh rằng:
\(a\sqrt{a^2+15bc}+b\sqrt{b^2+15ca}+c\sqrt{c^2+15ab}\le\dfrac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}\sqrt{a^3+15abc}+\sqrt{b}\sqrt{b^3+15abc}+\sqrt{c}\sqrt{c^3+15abc}\le\dfrac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki ta được:
\(\sqrt{a}\sqrt{a^3+15abc}+\sqrt{b}\sqrt{b^3+15abc}+\sqrt{c}\sqrt{c^3+15abc}\le\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+45abc\right)}\)Ta tiếp tục chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{16}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)^3\ge a^3+b^3+c^3+45abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{16}{9}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right)\ge a^3+b^3+c^3+45abc\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM (Caushy) ta được:
\(\dfrac{16}{9}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right)\ge\dfrac{16}{9}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+3.2\sqrt{ab}.2.\sqrt{bc}.2.\sqrt{ca}\right)=\dfrac{16}{9}.\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc\right)\)
Ta chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{16}{9}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc\right)\ge a^3+b^3+c^3+45abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{16}{9}a^3+\dfrac{16}{9}b^3+\dfrac{16}{9}c^3+\dfrac{16}{9}.24abc\ge a^3+b^3+c^3+45abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{7}{9}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge\dfrac{7}{3}abc\) (*)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM (Caushy) ta được:
\(\dfrac{7}{9}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge\dfrac{7}{9}.3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3c^3}=\dfrac{7}{3}abc\)
\(\Rightarrow\) (*) đúng.
Vậy BĐT đã được chứng minh. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c>0\).
Ta có : \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{ab+2c}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{ab+\left(a+b+c\right)c}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}\)
Tương tự ta cũng có
\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{bc+2a}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right);\sqrt{\frac{ca}{ca+2b}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{a}{a+b}\right)\)
Cộng các vế ta được \(S\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}\)
Vậy \(S_{max}=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)
ĐKXĐ: \(ab+bc+ca\ne0\)
- Nếu 1 biến bằng 0 thì BĐT hiển nhiên đúng
- Nếu cả 3 biến đều khác 0:
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{2b^2}{2b^2+ca}+\dfrac{2c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{ca}{2b^2+ca}+\dfrac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)
Ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{2a^2bc+\left(bc\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(ca\right)^2}{2ab^2c+\left(ca\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{2abc^2+\left(ab\right)^2}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ca\right)^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi 3 biến bằng nhau hoặc 1 biến bằng 0, 2 biến bằng nhau