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ĐKXĐ : \(2\le x,y,z\le4\)
Từ hệ phương trình ta suy ra được
\(\Sigma x+\Sigma\sqrt{x-2}+\Sigma\sqrt{4-x}=\Sigma x^2-5\Sigma x+33\\ \Leftrightarrow\Sigma\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+6=\Sigma\left(\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{4-x}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\Sigma\left(x-3\right)^2+6=\Sigma\left(\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{4-x}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\sqrt{A}+\sqrt{B}\le\sqrt{2\left(A+B\right)}\)
\(\Sigma\left(\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{4-x}\right)\le\Sigma\sqrt{2\left(x-2+4-x\right)}=\Sigma2=6\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma\left(x-3\right)^2+6\le6\Rightarrow\Sigma\left(x-3\right)^2\le0\)
Mà \(\Sigma\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2=\left(y-3\right)^2=\left(z-3\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=y=z=3\)
Thay vào ta thấy thỏa mãn -> x=y=z=3 là nghiệm hpt
\(P=\sum\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+4x^2+2xy+y^2}}\le\sum\frac{1}{\sqrt{2xy+4x^2+2xy+y^2}}=\sum\frac{1}{2x+y}\)
\(P\le\sum\frac{1}{x+x+y}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(P\le\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{2\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
1) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 3 số dương ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+x^3\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.x^3}=4\) (1)
\(\dfrac{3}{y^2}+y^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{y^2}.y^2}=2\sqrt{3}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{3}{z^3}+z=\dfrac{3}{z^3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3}{z^3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\) (3)
Cộng (1);(2);(3) theo vế ta được
\(\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y^2}+\dfrac{3}{z^3}\right)+\left(x^3+y^2+z\right)\ge4+2\sqrt{3}+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\ge3+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+4\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=x^3\\\dfrac{3}{y^2}=y^2\\\dfrac{3}{z^3}=\dfrac{z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\sqrt[4]{3}\\z=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn giả thiết ban đầu)
2) Ta có \(4\sqrt{ab}=2.\sqrt{a}.2\sqrt{b}\le a+4b\)
Dấu"=" khi a = 4b
nên \(\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+4\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+a+4b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
Khi đó \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\sqrt{a+b}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{a+b}=t>0\) ta được
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{1}{t}+t=\left(\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t}+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
Có \(\dfrac{1}{t}+t\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{t}.t}=2\) (BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương)
nên \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{t}-1=0\\t=\dfrac{1}{t}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow t=1\)(tm)
khi đó a + b = 1
mà a = 4b nên \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Vậy MinP = 1 khi \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho cặp số dương \(\dfrac{1}{\left(z+x\right)};\dfrac{1}{\left(z+y\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(z+x\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(z+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[]{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt[]{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\le\dfrac{2xy}{z+x}+\dfrac{2xy}{z+y}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta được
\(\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt[]{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}\le\dfrac{2zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{2zx}{y+x}\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt[]{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{2yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{2yz}{x+z}\left(3\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(3\right)\) ta được :
\(P=\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt[]{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt[]{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}+\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt[]{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\le\dfrac{2yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{2yz}{x+z}+\dfrac{2zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{2zx}{y+x}+\dfrac{2xy}{z+x}+\dfrac{2xy}{z+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le2\left(x+y+z\right)=2.3=6\)
\(\Rightarrow GTLN\left(P\right)=6\left(tạix=y=z=1\right)\)