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Hoa Binh and Thanh Hoa are two main provinces where there are more than 1.4 million Muong people living. They speak Muong language which belongs to the Mon-Khmer group. However, some ofthem also know Kinh languge. They cultivate mainly wet rice on terraced land, watered by small brooks. They also make handicrafts and exploit forest products such as mushrooms, dried fungus, ammonium to improve their living condition. Men dress in Indigo pajama and women wear skirts with many colorful patterns knitted on. The Muong build their houses on stilts with 4-roof architecture, which are about six feet off the ground. They are wooden houses in the shade of a big trees, huddling against the mountain, and looking out on their vast rice fields. Therefore, it is convenient for their living and farming. The Muong follow traditional religious animism, which means that they believe that non-living objects have spirits. They build the altars in their houses to worship ancestral spirits and other supernatural spirits. One of their most important festival is "Going to the fields Ceremony" where they perform traditional dance forms and send their wish for good crops. They also drink wine and enjoy special foods
- Which province do the Muong live in Vietnam?
- => The Muong live in Hoa Binh and Thanh Hoa
- Which language group does the Muong language belong to? => The Muong language belongs to Mon-Khmer group.
- What do they do to earn their living? =>
They cultivate mainly wet rice on terraced land, watered by small brooks. They also make handicrafts and exploit forest products such as mushrooms, dried fungus, ammonium to earn their living.
- Why are their house convenient for their living and farming? => Because they
build their houses on stilts with 4-roof architecture, which are about six feet off the ground. They are wooden houses in the shade of a big trees, huddling against the mountain, and looking out on their vast rice fields.
- How do the Muong believe in animism? =>
They build the altars in their houses to worship ancestral spirits and other supernatural spirits.
- What are main activities in their festivals or ceremonies? => In their festivals or ceremonies
they perform traditional dance forms and send their wish for good crops. They also drink wine and enjoy special foods
Which province do the Muong live in Vietnam?
=> The Muong live in Hoa Binh and Thanh Hoa
Which language group does the Muong language belong to?
=> The Muong language belongs to Mon-Khmer group.
What do they do to earn their living?
=> They cultivate mainly wet rice on terraced land, watered by small brooks. They also make handicrafts and exploit forest products such as mushrooms, dried fungus, ammonium to earn their living.
Why are their house convenient for their living and farming?
=> Because they build their houses on stilts with 4-roof architecture, which are about six feet off the ground. They are wooden houses in the shade of a big trees, huddling against the mountain, and looking out on their vast rice fields.
How do the Muong believe in animism?
=> They build the altars in their houses to worship ancestral spirits and other supernatural spirits.
What are main activities in their festivals or ceremonies?
=> In their festivals or ceremonies they perform traditional dance forms and send their wish for good crops. They also drink wine and enjoy special foods
How did the name" Eskimo" come about? Well, Eskimos live in The North Pole, where is very cold all year round. Durin winter, they get their food mainly by hunting and fishing. However, in the winter it is very hard to get fuel to build a fire, so the Eskimos do not always cook the animals they catch, Therefore, people call them "the people who eat raw meat" or "Eskimos". The Eskimos hunt with harpoons and spears. They eat meat of the animals and used the fur and skins for warm clothing.
1. In The North Pole it is very cold...................
a. in winter
b. in spring
c. in autumn
d. from January to December
2. In winter the Eskimos.............................
a. eat the food which they already got in summer
b. buy food in the market nearby
c.go fishing and hunting in order to get food
d. sleep and do not need food
3. It is very difficult for the Eskimos...........................
a. to build a fire to cook in winter
b. to get petrol or diesel oil for their cars in winter
c. to build their houses in winter
d. to harvest their crops in winter
4. They are call "Eskimos" because............................
a. they live around the North Pole
b. they go hunting and fishing for food in winter
c. they always eat uncooked meat
d. they sleep at day and go hunting at night
5. The Eskimos do not get............................... from animals
a. skins
b. spears
c. fur
d. meat
Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each space.
People have always dreamed of living forever, and although we all know this will (1) never happen, we still want to live as long as possible. Naturally, there are advantages and disadvantages to a long (2) life.
In the first place, people (3)who live longer can spend more time with their family and friends. Secondly, people who have busy working lives look forward to a long, relaxing time when they can do the things they have never had time for.
(4) On the other hand, there are some serious disadvantages. Firstly, many people become ill and consequently have to (5) spend time in hospital or become dependent (6) on their children and friends. Many of them (7) find this dependence annoying or embarrassing. In addition to this, the (8) older people get, the fewer friends they seem to have because old friends die or become ill and it's often difficult to make new (9) friends
To sum up, it seems that living to a very old age is worthwhile for people who stay healthy (10) enough to remain independent and enjoy life.
A. Decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1. People in the past ate healthy food so they rarely had diseases. _____T_____
2. The green revolution is the decrease in agriculture production. __F________
3. The green revolution caused agriculture to change completely. ___T_______
4. Farmers nowadays can’t meet the great demand of the food market. ____T______
5. Fast food is convenient but it’s not good for health. T
B. Answer the following questions. 6. In the past, why didn’t people need extra exercise? _______________________________________________________________
7. Who is still in the serious situation despite the development in agriculture? ______Farmers_________________________________________________________
8. How are people nowadays compared to those in the past? ________Today people are unhealthy, need medicine, and function on diets and exercise machines._______________________________________________________