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recycling/ nothing/ list/ vegetables/ something/ save/ trouble/ polluting/ taking. Our environment is in (1)trouble. Modern ways of living and today’s industries are (2)polluting it. Most people think there is (3) nothing they can do. This is not true. Everyone can do something to help (4) save our environment. Here is a (5)list of things you can do.
-
- Help to cut pollution by (6)taking the bus to work instead of your car.
- Buy fruit and (7) vegetables that have not been treated with pesticides.
- Recycle all your cans, bottles and paper. There should be a (8) recycling center somewhere near your home, so take them there.
Our environment is in trouble. Modern ways of living and today’s industries are polluting it. Most people think there is nothing they can do. This is not true. Everyone can do something to help save our environment. Here is a list of things you can do.
- Help to cut pollution by taking the bus to work instead of your car.
- Buy fruit and vegetables that have not been treated with pesticides.
- Recycle all your cans, bottles and paper. There should be a recycling center somewhere near your home, so take them there.
Most of the world’s energy comes from the sun. The sun’s energy is in wood, oil, and other things that people use for energy.
VI. Read the text then answer true or false
People use many sources of energy. Ancient people used only their arms, hands, and simple tools until they discovered fire. Later, people learned to use the energy of the wind to sail ships. Then they learned to use animals to do work. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, people began to use machines. The first machines used steam. They burned coal to heat water. The hot water turned into steam, and the steam engine did the work. Later, people began to use the gasoline engine, and today people are using nuclear energy. Energy is one of the basic concepts, or ideas, of physics. It is the ability to do work. Without energy we could live. We need energy to work, and scientists are always looking for new sources of energy.
1. None of the world’s energy comes from the sun. F
2. Wind, steam, and gasoline are sources of energy. T
3. People have never used nuclear energy. F
4. Energy is the ability to do work. T
5. We need new sources of energy. T
III. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.
1.We must pay the bill at once.
The bill must be paid at once
2.Many people in the world speak English.
English is spoken in the world
3.This question is difficult to understand.
It’s a difficult question to understand
4.I will repair your bicycle tomorrow afternoon.
Your bicycle will be repaired tomorrow afternoon
5.“Don’t throw things away,” Miss Linda said to the students. Miss Linda asked the children not to throw things away
6.Penicillin can cure many dangerous diseases.
Many dangerous diseases can be cured by penicillin
7.Does your country export rice to Britain?
Is rice exported to Britain by your country?
8.I was very delighted that I passed the final exams.
I was very delighted to pass the final exam
9.Keeping the environment clean is very important
It's very important to keep the environment clean
10.They will show the time machine to the public when thay finish it
The time machine will be shown to the public when it is finished
11.He was delighted to receive his aunt's letter
He was delighted that his aunt sent him a letter
12.Old car tires are recycled to make shoes and sandals People recycle old car tires to make shoes and sandals
13.I'm very sad that I wasn't accepted in that group
I'm very sad not to be accepted in that group
III. Write the sentences, using the adjective + to –infinitive structure.
1.It/ difficult/ learn/ Japanese.
=> It's difficult to learn Japanese.
2.We/ delighted/ get/ your letter/ yesterday.
=> We were delighted to get your letter yesterday.
3.It/ not easy/ answer/ these questions.
=> It isn't easy to answer these questions.
4.Your writing/ difficult/ read.
=> Your writing is difficult to read.
5.I/ surprised/ see/ Tom/ the party/ last night.
=> I was surprised to see Tom at the party last night.
6.It/ impossible/ understand/ his theory.
=> It's impossible to understand his theory.
7.They/ ready/ start/ now.
=> They are ready to start now.
8.It/ interesting/ see/ that film.
=> It's interesting to see that film.
VI. Choose the suitable words or phrases to fill in the blanks.
1.Milk (brings/ is bring/ is brought/ has brought) to the house by the milkman everyday.
2.We were delighted (getting/ to get/ get/ got) your letter last week.
3.“Would you like to go to the movies tonight?” “I’m sorry, I can’t I (am doing/ do/ will do/ doing) my homework this evening.
4.Milk bottles can be (recycle/ thrown away/ broken/ reused) after being cleaned.
5.This project (is carried out/ carries out/ will carry out/ will be carried out) next month.
6.It’s dangerous (swim/ to swim/ swimming/ swam) in this river.
7.We are looking forward to (seeing/ see/ saw/ be seen) you in June.
8.It’s too cold outside. (Would you like to shut the windows/ Will you shut the windows, please/ Shall I shut the windows/ Can I shut the windows)? – Sure. I’ll do it right now.
Give the correct form of the words in bracket
1. We are going to give a...presentation... about water pollution (present)
2. Many people have received medical...treatment....because of the disease (treat)
3........Industrial...................has caused the problem of air pollution (industry)
4 The.......reduction.........in air pollution was dramatic last year (reduce)
5. Students are taught about...environmental.........issues at school (environment)
Read the passage and fill in the each blank with ONE suitable word
harms move affects indirect effects
protect harmful leads can caused
EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
there are different kinds of negative and harmful effects of air pollution. Air pollution (1) effects global warming in a great scale. The global warming (2) leads to the increase of temperatures worldwide, the increase in sea levels and the melting of icebergs. It (3) harms all species on the earth. The effects of air pollution are very (4) harmful for health. It causes diferent kinds of diseases like heart attack, cancer,etc. Every year millions of people of all over the world die due to direct or (5) indirect effects of air pollution. Acid rain is another efect of air pollution. acid rain can cause great damage to human, animals and crops. Air pollution (6) affects the wild life. Humans and animals face a lot of serious efects due to air pollution. Toxic chemicals present in the air can forrce wildlife species to (7) move to new place and change their habitat. The toxic pollutants over the surface of the water can also affect sea animals. It is right time (8) protect ourr environment. To create a better place to live, we have to stop the air.
Nowadays in the news you can read a lot about biotechnology and the controversies about it and perhaps you ask yourself what it is exactly. Well, this article is going to give you a brief history of the field of biotechnology and show you that, although the word “biotechnology” was first used in 1919, we have been using biotechnology for many thousands of years in ways that are completely uncontroversial. It will also look at the more modern developments which have started intense debate. When you are drinking a cold beer on a hot day, or eating a delicious cheese sandwich, you can thank biotechnology for the pleasure you are experiencing. That’s right! Beer, bread and cheese are all produced using biotechnology. Perhaps a definition will be useful to understand how. A standard definition is that biotechnology (or biotech for short) is the application of science and engineering to the direct or indirect use of living organisms. And as you know, the food and drink above are all produced by the fermentation of micro-organisms. In beer, the yeast multiplies as it eats the sugars in the mixture and turns them into alcohol and CO2. This ancient technique was first used in Egypt to make bread and wine around 4000BC! Antibiotics are used to prevent and treat diseases, especially those caused by bacteria. They are natural substances that are created by bacteria and fungi. The first antibiotic was made in China in about 500BC – to cure boils. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and it was considered a medical miracle. Modern research is looking at the creation of super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them. Our modern consumer society produces a lot of waste which needs to be disposed of safely and without harmful end products. Environmental biotechnology can help. Indeed, the use of bacteria to treat sewage was first practiced in 1914 in Manchester, England. Vermiculture or using worms to treat waste is another environmentally-friendly practice and the end product is a natural fertiliser. Bacteria have even been developed to help with problems such as oil spills. They convert crude oil and gasoline into non-toxic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and oxygen and help create a cleaner, healthier environment. These examples of biotechnology are accepted by most people. However, the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson and Crick in 1953 was the beginning of the modern era of genetics and the following areas of biotech are very controversial. Read on… The genetic modification of plants and crops has been in practice for many years. This involves changing the genetic code of these plants so that they are more resistant to bad conditions like drought, floods and frost. Supporters of GM food say that it can offer the consumer better quality, safety and taste and for over a decade Americans have been eating GM food. However, things are very different in Europe where genetically modified food is very strictly regulated and regarded with deep suspicion by the public. GM food has even been called “Frankenfood” in the press, a term inspired by the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. There is a great cultural divide between America and Europe over whether such food is safe to eat and will not harm the environment and the discussion is still in progress. 1997 saw the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first animal cloned from an adult cell. This was a remarkable achievement which created world-wide debate on the ethical issues surrounding cloning. International organisations such as the European parliament, UNESCO and WHO all declared that human cloning is both morally and legally wrong. However, we need to make a distinction between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Nowadays the idea of reproductive cloning – creating a copy of another person - is no longer interesting for researchers. Instead therapeutic cloning is creating excitement in the biotech world. Key to this technique is stem cells, which are master cells that have the potential to become any other kind of cell in the body e.g. nerve cells, blood, heart muscle or even brain cells. Stem cells themselves have generated a lot of controversy as it was believed that only human embryos could provide them. However, it now appears that adult stem cells offer the same possibility. This would mean that a patient who suffered a heart attack could provide doctors with his adult stem cells which could then be implanted back into his heart and used to create heart muscle, replacing the muscle that was damaged. As the genetic code is identical, there would be no problem of the body rejecting the implant as, unfortunately, happens with organ transplants. In the future, biotechnologists hope that stem cells could be used to grow entire organs. In this way biotechnology offers the hope of revolutionising medical treatment. In this brief overview of the history of biotechnology we have jumped from making bread to making human organs - an enormous leap- and it is clear that these modern practices raise many controversial issues. However, despite the debate, we can imagine that as biotechnology has been around for many years, it will still be around for some time to come - but who knows where it will take us?
Questions:
After reading, choose the best answer for the following questions
1. What is the main topic of the article?
Brief history and modern developments of biotechnology
Benefit of biotechnology
Modern research in biotechnology
2. What does the pronoun "IT" in the first paragraph refer to?
Biotechnology
The article
The word "Biotechnology"
3. Which products were first made with fermentation of micro-organisms?
Beer, bread and cheese
Bread and wine
Beer and cheese
Decide whether the statement below is True or False.
4. Alexander Fleming discovered super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them.
TrueFalse
5. GM food is easily available in the U.S. and Europe.
TrueFalse
6.Researchers believe that adult stem cells could be used to create body parts.
TrueFalse
Question 36: Pollution can be caused from the following sources EXCEPT______. A. water in rivers B. water from households C. wastes D. household chemicals
Question 37: Recycling can help us ______. A. never cut down trees B. use products again and again C. place garbage bins easily D. produce more paper products
Question 38: In order to save water, we can do all of the following things EXCEPT______. A. take short showers instead of baths B. repair leaky faucets C. fully use the washing machine D. turn the faucet off while brushing your teeth
Question 39: Recycling helps to reduce waste because______. A. plants need to develop B. a person can do it in his home C. waste can be recycled and reused D. an average man produces compost for plants
Question 40: The word "It" in paragraph 2 refers to ______. A. cutting down B. the number C. recycling D. effort