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a) \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,05<-----------0,05---->0,075
=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=9,54\%\)
=> \(\%Cu=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=90,46\%\)
b) \(V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,05->0,0375
2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
0,2-->0,1
=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,0375\right).22,4=3,08\left(l\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ m_{AlCl_3}=6,675\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_A=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right);m_{Cu}=14,15-1,35=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{14,15}.100\approx90,459\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx9,541\%\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}.n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,05+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,0875\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0875.22,4=1,96\left(l\right)\)
1)
a)
$CaO + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + H_2O$
$CaCO_3 + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O$
$n_{CaCO_3} = n_{CO_2} = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{CaCl_2} = 0,3(mol)$
Suy ra:
$n_{CaO} = 0,3 - 0,2 = 0,1(mol)$
$\%m_{CaO} = \dfrac{0,1.56}{0,1.56 + 0,2.100}.100\% = 21,875\%$
$\%m_{CaCO_3} = 78,125\%$
b)
$m_{dd} = 0,1.56 + 0,2.100 + 50 - 0,2.44 = 66,8(gam)$
$C\%_{CaCl_2} = \dfrac{33,3}{66,8}.100\% = 49,85\%$
Câu 4 :
a)
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{MgO} = b(mol)$
Suy ra: $56a + 40b = 19,2(1)$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$MgO + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH : $n_{HCl} = 2a + 2b = 0,4.2 = 0,8(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = b = 0,2
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{19,2}.100\% = 58,33\%$
$\%m_{MgO} = 100\% -58,33\% = 41,67\%$
b)
$n_{FeCl_2} = a = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{MgCl_2} = b = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{muối} = 0,2.127 + 0,2.95 = 44,4(gam)$
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{33,3}{111}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
0,2_____0,4_____0,2____0,2_____0,2 (mol)
\(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)
0,1_____0,2_____0,1____0,1 (mol)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaO}=0,1\cdot56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{CaCO_3}=0,2\cdot100=20\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CaO}=\dfrac{5,6}{5,6+20}\cdot100\%=21,875\%\\\%m_{CaCO_3}=78,125\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{CO_2}=0,2\cdot44=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{CaO}+m_{CaCO_3}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{CO_2}=66,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{33,3}{66,8}\cdot100\%\approx49,85\%\)
nCO2=\(\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\) mol
nCaCl2=\(\dfrac{33,3}{111}=0,3\)
CaCO2 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
0,2 ← 0,2 ← 0,2
CaO + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O
0,1 ← 0,1
a) % CaO=\(\dfrac{0,1.56}{0,1.56+0,2.100}.100\%=21,875\%\)
% CaCO3 =100% - 21,875%= 78,125%
b) a = mCaO+mCaCO3 =0,1.56+0,2.100=25,6g
mdd sau pư= a + mddHCl - mCO2
= 25,6 + 50 - 0,2.44=66,8g
C%CaCl2=\(\dfrac{33,3}{66,8}.100\%\simeq49,85\%\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2mol\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{CO_2}=2\cdot0,2=0,4mol\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=0,2mol\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=3,6g\)
BTKL: \(m=m_{muối}+m_{HCl}-m_{CO_2}-m_{H_2O}\)
\(\Rightarrow20=m_{muối}+0,4\cdot36,5-0,2\cdot44-3,6\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=17,8g\)
Chắc phải thêm lời giải thích này cho các bạn ấy hiểu:
PTHH:
MgCO3 + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Na2CO3 + 2HCl ---> 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
FeCO3 + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Theo các pthh trên: nHCl = 2nCO2
như thế này bạn hiểu phần => nHCl = 2nCO2 của chị Giang rồi chứ :) ?
\(Đặt.2.muối:ACO_3,B_2CO_3\\ n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:ACO_3+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ B_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2BCl+CO_2+H_2O\\ n_{CO^{2-}_3}=n_{muối.cacbonat}=n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Cl^-}=2.0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ m_{muối.khan}=m_{muối.cacbonat}+\left(m_{Cl^-}-m_{CO^{2-}_3}\right)=10+\left(35,5.0,6-60.0,3\right)=13,3\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,4=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ Ta.có:m=m_{muối}=m_{kl}+\left(m_{HCl}-m_{H_2}\right)=11,2+\left(0,8.36,5-0,4.2\right)=39,6\left(g\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) => \(a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\overline{M}_X=\dfrac{2a+44b}{a+b}=2.6,25=12,5\left(g/mol\right)\)
=> a = 0,3; b = 0,1
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,3<--0,6<------0,3<---0,3
CaCO3 + 2HCl --> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
0,1<----0,2<------0,1<----0,1
CuO + 2HCl --> CuCl2 + H2O
x--->2x------->x
mrắn (sau pư) = 0,3.127 + 0,1.111 + 135x = 62,7
=> x = 0,1 (mol)
mA = 0,1.80 + 0,3.56 + 0,1.100 = 34,8 (g)
mHCl = (0,6 + 0,2 + 0,2).36,5 = 36,5 (g)
=> \(m'=\dfrac{36,5.100}{14,6}=250\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: CaCO3 + 2HCl ---> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O (1) CaO + 2HCl --> CaCl2 + H2O (2) nCaCl2 = 3,33/111=0,03 mol nCO2=0,448/22,4=0,02 mol nCaCl2(1)=nCO2=0,02 mol Vì nCaCO3=nCO2 => nCaCO3=0,02 mol mCaCO3=0,01.100=1 g nCaCl2(2)=0,03 - 0,02 = 0,01 mol nCaO=nCaCl2(2)=0,01 mol mCaO=0,01.56=0,56 g mCaCO3=0,01.100=1 g
cái chỗ nCaCO3=nCO2=0,02 í có cần CM CaCO3 dư không ạ