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a) Ta có \(m_{muôi}=m_{KL}+m_{Cl^-}\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{Cl^-}=m_{muôi}-m_{KL}=14,25-3,6=10,65g\\ \Rightarrow n_{Cl^-}=\dfrac{10,65}{35,5}=0,3mol\)
Theo bảo toàn nguyên tố Cl: \(n_{HCl}=n_{Cl^-}=0,3mol\)
Theo bảo toàn nguyên tố H: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot0,3=0,15mol\\ \Rightarrow V=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36l\)
Ta có PTHH: \(M+2HCl\rightarrow MCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
----------------0,15-------------------------0,15---(mol)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{3,6}{0,15}=24\)(g/mol) => M là Magie (Mg)
b) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2mol\)
Ta có quá trình phản ứng:
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\)
-0,15---0,15-----0,15----------(mol)
\(\Rightarrow a=m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}+m_{Cu}=\left(16-0,15\cdot80\right)+64\cdot0,15=13,6g\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=a\\n_{Fe}=b\end{matrix}\right.\) => 24a + 56b = 20
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
______a------------------>a------>a__________(mol)
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
_b----------------->b----->b__________________(mol)
=> a+b = 0,5
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,25\\b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,25.127=31,75\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) => m muối = 55,5(g)
Gọi n là hóa trị của M.
\(n_{H_2} = 0,1(mol)\)
2M + 2nHCl → 2MCln + nH2
.........................\(\dfrac{0,2}{n}\).......0,1........(mol)
Suy ra: \(\dfrac{0,2}{n}(M + 35,5n) = 12,7\\\Rightarrow M = 28n\)
Với n = 2 thì M = 56(Fe)
\(n_{FeCl_2} = 0,1(mol)\)
FeCl2 + 2AgNO3 → 2AgCl + Fe(NO3)2
0,1...............................0,2........0,1................(mol)
Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 → Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
0,1....................................................0,1...........(mol)
Suy ra m = mAgCl + mAg = 0,2.143,5 + 0,1.108 = 39,5(gam).Đáp án D
a) \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,05<-----------0,05---->0,075
=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=9,54\%\)
=> \(\%Cu=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=90,46\%\)
b) \(V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,05->0,0375
2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
0,2-->0,1
=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,0375\right).22,4=3,08\left(l\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ m_{AlCl_3}=6,675\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_A=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right);m_{Cu}=14,15-1,35=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{14,15}.100\approx90,459\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx9,541\%\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}.n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,05+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,0875\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0875.22,4=1,96\left(l\right)\)
Câu 1 :\(n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{2,688}{22,4} = 0,12(mol)\)
MgCO3 + 2HCl \(\to\) MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O
..................................0,12........0,12..................(mol)
Suy ra: a = 0,12.95 = 11,4(gam)
Câu 2 :
\(Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{Fe} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Cu} = 2n_{Fe} = 0,15.2 = 0,3(mol)\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3\\ Cu+Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CuCl_2\\ n_{Cl_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Fe} + n_{Cu} = 0,525\\ \Rightarrow V = 0,525.22,4 =11,76(lít)\)
Coi hỗn hợp Y gồm :
Kim loại : 14,3(gam)
O :(x mol)
\(2H^+ + O^{2-}\to H_2O\\ 2H^+ + 2e \to H_2\)
Ta có : \(n_{Cl^-} = n_{HCl} = n_{H^+} = 2n_O + 2n_{H_2} = 2x + 0,4(mol)\)
Mà :
\(m_{muối} = m_{kim\ loại} + m_{Cl^-} = 14,3 + (2x + 0,4).35,5 = 49,8(gam)\\ \Rightarrow x = 0,3\)
Vậy : \(a = m_{kim\ loại} + m_O = 14,3 + 0,3.16 = 19,1(gam)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,4=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ Ta.có:m=m_{muối}=m_{kl}+\left(m_{HCl}-m_{H_2}\right)=11,2+\left(0,8.36,5-0,4.2\right)=39,6\left(g\right)\)