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\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=x(mol);n_{NaHCO_3}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 106x+84y=3,8(1)\\ n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04(mol)\\ Na_2CO_3+2HCl\to 2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\\ NaHCO_3+HCl\to NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\\ \Rightarrow x+y=0,04(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,02(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} m_{Na_2CO_3}=106.0,02=2,12(g)\\ m_{NaHCO_3}=84.0,02=1,68(g) \end{cases}\)
\(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\\ K_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+CO_2+H_2O\\ BaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ ZnCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{muối.khan}=43,45+0,3.\left(71-60\right)=46,75\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=0,3\cdot44=13,2\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1}{2}HCl=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2O}=0,3\cdot18=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl}=0,3\cdot2\cdot36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{muối}=m_{hh\left(ban.đầu\right)}+m_{HCl}-m_{H_2O}-m_{CO_2}=46,75\left(g\right)\)
\(\text{Đặt }n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+56y=13,9(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2(1)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2(2)\\ b,\text{Từ 2 PT: }1,5x+y=0,35(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7(g)\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2(g)\)
\(c,n_{HCl(1)}=3n_{Al}=0,3(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=0,1(mol);n_{H_2(1)}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl(1)}}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{14,6\%}=75(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{2,7+75-0,15.2}.100\%=17,25\%\)
\(n_{HCl(2)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2(2)}=n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m{dd_{HCl(2)}}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{14,6\%}=100(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{11,2+100-0,2.2}.100\%=22,92\%\)
a) 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b) Gọi số mol Al, Fe lần lượt là a,b
=> 27a + 56b = 13,9
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----->3a--------->a------->1,5a______(mol)
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b------>2b-------->b----->b__________(mol)
=> 1,5a + b = 0,35
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1=>m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\b=0,2=>m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) nHCl = 3a + 2b = 0,7 (mol)
=> mHCl = 0,7.36,5 = 25,55(g)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{25,55.100}{14,6}=175\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(saupu\right)}=13,9+175-2.0,35=188,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{13,35}{188,2}.100\%=7,1\%\\C\%\left(FeCl_2\right)=\dfrac{25,4}{188,2}.100\%=13,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,4.1,5=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2CO_3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{K_2CO_3}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PT: \(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(K_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(HCl_{dư}+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{Na_2CO_3}+n_{K_2CO_3}=x+y\left(mol\right)\) ⇒ x + y = 0,25 (1)
\(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2x+2y\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6-2x-2y\left(mol\right)\)
Có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=2n_{Na_2CO_3}+n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6-2y\left(mol\right)\\n_{KCl}=2n_{K_2CO_3}=2y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 58,5(0,6 - 2y) + 74,5.2y = 39,9 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,1.106}{0,1.106+0,15.138}.100\%\approx33,9\%\\\%m_{K_2CO_3}\approx66,1\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
PTHH:
Na2CO3 + 2HCl -----> 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 (1)
K2CO3 + 2HCl -----> 2KCl + H2O + CO2 (2)
NaOH + HCl ----> NaCl + H2O (3)
Gọi n Na2CO3 = a , n K2CO3 = b (mol)
Theo pt(1)(2) tổng n CO2= a+b=\(\frac{5,6}{22,4}\)=0,25 (I)
n HCl = 1,5 . 0,4= 0,6 (mol)
Theo pt(1)(2) tổng n HCl pư=2 (a+b)=0,5 (mol)
==> n HCl dư= 0,1 mol
Theo pt(3) n NaCl= n HCl=0,1 mol ==> m NaCl=5,85 (g)
Theo pt(1)(2) n NaCl=2a ==> m NaCl= 117a
n KCl=2b ==> m KCl= 149b
===> 117a + 149b + 5,85 = 39,9
-----> 117a + 149b = 34,05 (II)
Từ (I)và (II) ==> a=0,1 và b=0,15
==>m hh = 0,1 . 106 + 0,15 . 138= 31,3(g)
m Na2CO3=10,6 (g)
%m Na2CO3 = \(\frac{10,6}{31,3}\) . 100%= 33,87%
%m K2CO3 = 10% - 33,87% = 66,13%
Gọi \(n_{H_2}=5a\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=11a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow5a+11a=\dfrac{3,584}{22,4}\) \(\Rightarrow a=0,01\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=0,11\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{khí}=0,05\cdot2+0,11\cdot44=4,94\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{188\cdot1,25\cdot7,3\%}{36,5}=0,47\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,47\cdot36,5=17,155\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn Hidro: \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,235\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=0,235\cdot18=4,23\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{NaCl}=m_{hhX}+m_{HCl}-m_{khí}-m_{H_2O}=27,945\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{ddHCl}=188\cdot1,25=235\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd\left(sau.pư\right)}=m_{hhX}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{khí}=250,02\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{27,945}{250,02}\cdot100\%\approx11,18\%\)
MgCO3 ----> MgO + CO2
CaCO3 -----> CaO + CO2
0,15 (mol) <------------ 0,15 (mol) (1) đây ý nói là tổng lượng mol CO2 = tổng lượng hỗn hợp muối
MgCO3 + HCl -------> MgCl2 + CO2 + H20
CaCO3 + HCl --------> CaCl2 + CO2 + H20
=> n(MgCO3,CaCO3) = n(MgCl2,CaCl2) = 0,15 (mol)
=> M(MgCl2,CaCl2) = 317/3
Sau đó, ta đặt: C (là phần trăm của CaCl2 trong hỗn hợp muối)
1-C (là phần trăm của MgCl2 trong hỗn hợp muối)
Với C là 100% trong hỗn hợp đó
=> 111C + 95x(1-C) = 317/3
Từ đó suy ra: C= 2/3
Vì lượng muối trong hỗn hợp tác dụng với HCl bằng lượng từng muối trong hỗn hợp ban đầu nên
%CaCO3 = 2/3x100% = 66,667%
%MgCO3 = 1/3x100% = 33,33%
PTHH: \(NaHCO_3+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
a_____a_______a_____a_____a (mol)
\(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
b_____2b_______2b____b_____b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}84a+106b=38\\a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{NaHCO_3}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot84}{38}\cdot100\%\approx44,21\%\\\%m_{Na_2CO_3}=55,79\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(n_{NaCl}=0,6\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{NaCl}=0,6\cdot58,5=35,1\left(g\right)\)
a) Đặt: nNa2CO3=x(mol); nNaHCO3=y(mol) (x,y>0)
PTHH: Na2CO3 + 2 HCl -> 2 NaCl + CO2+ H2O
x_______________2x____2x_______x(mol)
NaHCO3 + HCl -> NaCl + H2O + CO2
y__________y____y_____________y(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}106x+84y=38\\x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) mNaHCO3= 0,2. 84= 16,8(g)
=>%mNaHCO3= (16,8/38).100=44,211%
c) m(muối thu)= mNaCl(tổng)= (2x+y).58,5=0,6.58,5=35,1(g)