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nH2=0,1(mol)
PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
0,1__________0,2___________0,1(mol)
MgO + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O
0,05____0,1___0,05(mol)
mMg=0,1. 24= 2,4(g) -> mMgO=4,4-2,4= 2(g) -> nMgO=0,05((mol)
b) %mMg= (2,4/4,4).100=54,545%
=> %mMgO=45,455%
c) nHCl=0,3(mol) -> mHCl=0,3.36,5=10,95(g)
=> mddHCl=(10,95.100)/7,3=150(g)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a.
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
b.
\(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right),m_{CuO}=12-2,4=9,6\left(g\right)\)
c.
\(m_{muối}=m_{CuCl_2}+m_{MgCl_2}=0,12.135+95.0,1=25,7\left(g\right)\)
PTHH:
Na2CO3 + 2HCl -----> 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 (1)
K2CO3 + 2HCl -----> 2KCl + H2O + CO2 (2)
NaOH + HCl ----> NaCl + H2O (3)
Gọi n Na2CO3 = a , n K2CO3 = b (mol)
Theo pt(1)(2) tổng n CO2= a+b=\(\frac{5,6}{22,4}\)=0,25 (I)
n HCl = 1,5 . 0,4= 0,6 (mol)
Theo pt(1)(2) tổng n HCl pư=2 (a+b)=0,5 (mol)
==> n HCl dư= 0,1 mol
Theo pt(3) n NaCl= n HCl=0,1 mol ==> m NaCl=5,85 (g)
Theo pt(1)(2) n NaCl=2a ==> m NaCl= 117a
n KCl=2b ==> m KCl= 149b
===> 117a + 149b + 5,85 = 39,9
-----> 117a + 149b = 34,05 (II)
Từ (I)và (II) ==> a=0,1 và b=0,15
==>m hh = 0,1 . 106 + 0,15 . 138= 31,3(g)
m Na2CO3=10,6 (g)
%m Na2CO3 = \(\frac{10,6}{31,3}\) . 100%= 33,87%
%m K2CO3 = 10% - 33,87% = 66,13%
a) PTHH: 2Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
x___________3x______________1,5x(mol)
Fe +2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
y___2y____y______y(mol)
b) Ta có: m(rắn)= mCu=0,4(g)
=> m(Al, Fe)=1,5-mCu=1,5-0,4=1,1(g)
nH2= 0,04(mol)
Ta lập hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=1,1\\1,5x+y=0,04\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\\y=0,01\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mAl=27.0,02=0,54(g)
mFe=56.0,01=0,56(g)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH:
\(MgCO_3+H_2SO_4--->MgSO_4+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(MgSO_4+H_2SO_4--\times-->\)
b. Theo PT: \(n_{MgCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgCO_3}=0,03.84=2,52\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgSO_4}=6-2,52=3,48\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%_{m_{MgCO_3}}=\dfrac{2,52}{6}.100\%=42\%\)
\(\%_{m_{MgSO_4}}=100\%-42\%=58\%\)
c. Theo PT: \(n_{MgSO_4}=n_{CO_2}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgSO_4}=0,03.120=3,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgSO_{4_{thu.được.sau.phản.ứng}}}=3,6+3,48=7,08\left(g\right)\)
Phản ứng tổng quát:
\(R_2\left(CO_3\right)_n+2nHCl->2RCl_n+nCO_2+nH_2O\)
hay:
\(CO_3^{^{ }2-}+2H^{^{ }+}->CO_2+H_2O\\ n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04mol=n_{CO_3^{^{ }2-}}\\ n_{H^{^{ }+}}=0,08=n_{HCl}=n_{Cl^{^{ }-}}\\ m_{muối}=3,34-60.0,04+0,08.35,5=3,78g\)
\(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\\ K_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+CO_2+H_2O\\ BaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ ZnCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{muối.khan}=43,45+0,3.\left(71-60\right)=46,75\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=0,3\cdot44=13,2\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1}{2}HCl=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2O}=0,3\cdot18=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl}=0,3\cdot2\cdot36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{muối}=m_{hh\left(ban.đầu\right)}+m_{HCl}-m_{H_2O}-m_{CO_2}=46,75\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=x(mol);n_{NaHCO_3}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 106x+84y=3,8(1)\\ n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04(mol)\\ Na_2CO_3+2HCl\to 2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\\ NaHCO_3+HCl\to NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\\ \Rightarrow x+y=0,04(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,02(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} m_{Na_2CO_3}=106.0,02=2,12(g)\\ m_{NaHCO_3}=84.0,02=1,68(g) \end{cases}\)
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