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\(c,n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Mg}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+24y=10,2(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5(mol)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 1,5x+y=0,5(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{10,2}.100\%=52,94\%\\ \%_{Mg}=100\%-52,94\%=47,06\%\\ d,\Sigma n_{HCl}=3x+2y=1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5(l)\)
Fe+ 4HNO3 → Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O (1)
3Cu + 8HNO3 → 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O (2)
\(n_{NO}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Đặt x và y là số mol Fe và Cu trong hỗn hợp ta có hệ pt:
56x + 64y = 3,04
\(x+\dfrac{2y}{3}=0,04\)
→ x= 0,02 , y= 0,03
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,02.56}{3,04}.100=36,8\%\)
%m Cu= 100 – 36,8= 63,2%.
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=56a+27b=11\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=a+1.5b=0.4\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.1,b=0.2\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.1\cdot56}{11}\cdot100\%=50.91\%\)
\(\%Al=49.09\%\)
\(1,n_{HF}=\dfrac{2,5.40\%}{100\%.20}=0,05(kmol)\\ PTHH:CaF_2+H_2SO_4\to CaSO_4+2HF\\ \Rightarrow n_{CaF_2}=0,025(kmol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CaF_2}=0,025.78=1,95(kg)\\ 2,\text {Đặt }\begin{cases} n_{Fe}=x(mol)\\ n_{Al}=y(mol) \end{cases} \Rightarrow 56x+27y=11(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4(mol)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,4(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow \begin{cases} x=0,1(mol)\\ y=0,2(mol) \end{cases} \Rightarrow \begin{cases} \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}.100\%=50,91\%\\ \%_{Al}=100\%-50,91\%=49,09\% \end{cases}\)
\(b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=0,2+0,6=0,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4(l)\)
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 56a + 24b = 9,2(1)$
$n_{NO} = 0,2(mol)$
Bảo toàn electron :
$3a + 2b = 0,2.3(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,1 ; b = 0,15
$m_{Fe} = 0,1.56 = 5,6(gam)$
$m_{Mg} = 0,15.24 = 3,6(gam)$
nSO2= 0,4(mol)
Đặt: nAl=a(mol); nMg=b(mol) (a,b>0)
PTHH: 2 Al + 6 H2SO4(đ) -to-> Al2(SO4)3 + 3 SO2 + 6 H2O
a____________3a______0,5a___________1,5a(mol)
Mg + 2 H2SO4(đ) -to-> MgSO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O
b_____2b________b________b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mMg=0,1.24=2,4(g)
=>%mMg=(2,4/7,8).100=30,769%
=> %mAl= 69,231%
Đặt: nAl= x (mol) ; nZn= y (mol)
2Al + 6H2SO4(đ) \(\rightarrow\) Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
Zn + 2H2SO4(đ) \(\rightarrow\) ZnSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
Ta có : mhh= 27x + 65y= 11,9g (1)
nSO2= \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)x + y =\(\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}\)=0,4 (mol) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => x=0,2 ; y=0,1
=> %Al= \(\dfrac{0,2.27}{11,9}.100\)=45,37%
%Zn=100- 45.37= 54,63%
\(Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=10,2\\x+1,5y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{10,2}.100=47,06\%\\ \%m_{Al}=52,94\%\\ n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+3n_{Al}=0,2.2+0,3.2=1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)\)