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a) \(n_O=\dfrac{34,8-25,2}{16}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2O}=0,6\left(mol\right)\) (bảo toàn O)
=> \(n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\) (bảo toàn H)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{25,2}{56}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
nFe : nO = 0,45 : 0,6 = 3 : 4
=> CTHH: Fe3O4
c) \(m_{H_2O}=0,6.18=10,8\left(g\right)\)
Mà \(d_{H_2O}=1\left(g/ml\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2O}=10,8\left(ml\right)\)
PTHH : \(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\rightarrow3Fe+4H_2O\)
.............0,05........0,2.......0,15.........
Có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_3O_4}=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Theo phương pháp ba dòng .
=> Sau phản ứng H2 hết, Fe3O4 còn dư ( dư 0,025 mol )
=> \(m=m_{Fe3o4du}+m_{Fe}=14,2\left(g\right)\)
b, \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
...0,15.....0,3.........0,15..............
\(Fe_3O_4+8HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+FeCl_2+4H_2O\)
.0,025......0,2..........0,05.........0,025...................
Có : \(V=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{n}{1}=n_{HCl}=0,2+0,3=0,5\left(l\right)\)
Lại có : \(m_M=m_{FeCl2}+m_{FeCl3}=30,35\left(g\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
\(\dfrac{0,2}{x}\)<---------------0,2
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,2<-------------------0,2
=> \(M_{Fe_xO_y}=56x+16y=\dfrac{16}{\dfrac{0,2}{x}}=80x\)
=> \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{2}{3}\) => CTHH: Fe2O3
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,032}{22,4}=0,18\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 ---> FeSO4 + H2
0,18 <------------------------ 0,18
\(\rightarrow n_O=\dfrac{13,92-0,18.56}{16}=0,24\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
=> x : y = 0,18 : 0,24 = 3 : 4
CTHH Fe3O4
X gồm Fe và Cu. Với HCl:
nFe = nH2 = 0,04
=>nCu = (mX – mFe)/64 = 0,02
=> nCuO = nFexOy = 0,02
-> x = nFe/nFexOy = 2
; Oxit là Fe2O3.
Bảo toàn O: \(m_{O\left(oxit\right)}=m_{giảm}=4,8-3,52=1,28\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=\dfrac{1,28}{16}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
0,04 <------------------------ 0,02
\(m_{Cu}=3,52-0,04.56=1,28\left(g\right)\\ n_{O\left(CuO\right)}=n_{Cu}=\dfrac{1,28}{64}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O\left(Fe_xO_y\right)}=0,08-0,02=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
=> x : y = 0,04 : 0,06 = 2 : 3
CTHH Fe2O3
PTHH: \(Fe_xO_y+yH_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}xFe+yH_2O\) (1)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_O=n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(n_{Fe}:n_O=x:y=0,02:0,03=2:3\)
\(\Rightarrow\) CTHH của oxit là Fe2O3
b) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{300\cdot7,3\%}{36,5}-2n_{H_2}=0,56\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{Fe}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=0,02\cdot56+300-0,02\cdot2=301,08\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,02\cdot127}{301,08}\cdot100\%\approx0,84\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,56\cdot36,5}{301,08}\cdot100\%\approx6,79\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
n HCl = 300.7,3%/36,5 = 0,6(mol)
n H2 = 0,448/22,4 = 0,02(mol)
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
n HCl > 2n H2 nên HCl dư
$n_{Fe} = n_{H_2} = 0,02(mol)$
$H_2 + O_{oxit} \to H_2O$
n O(oxit) = n H2 = 0,672/22,4 = 0,03(mol)
Ta có :
n Fe : n O =0,02 : 0,03 = 2 : 3
Vậy oxit là $Fe_2O_3$
b)
m dd = 0,02.56 + 300 -0,02.2 = 301,08(gam)
n HCl dư = 0,6 - 0,02.2 = 0,56(mol)
n FeCl2 = n Fe = 0,02(mol)
Vậy :
C% HCl = 0,56.36,5/301,08 .100% = 6,8%
C% FeCl2 = 0,02.127/301,08 .100% = 0,84%
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow y=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_xO_y+yH_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)xFe+yH_2O\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02mol\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,02 0,02 ( mol )
\(\Rightarrow x=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,03}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow CTHH:Fe_2O_3\)
\(n_{H_2\left(thu\right)}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
1 : 1 (mol)
0,02 : 0,02 (mol)
\(n_{H_2\left(dùng\right)}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(yH_2+Fe_xO_y\rightarrow^{t^0}xFe+yH_2O\)
y : x (mol)
0,03 : 0,02 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{0,03}{y}=\dfrac{0,02}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,03}=\dfrac{2}{3}\Rightarrow x=2;y=3\)
-Vậy CTHH của oxit sắt là Fe2O3.
- Cho phản ứng xảy ra hoàn toàn (2 chất trong A có sắt và oxit khác oxit sắt ban đầu)
\(yH_2+Fe_xO_y\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)xFe+yH_2O\left(1\right)\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\left(2\right)\\ n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=n_{Fe\left(2\right)}=n_{Fe\left(1\right)}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O\left(trong.oxit\right)}=n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ BTKL:m_{H_2}+m_{oxit}=m_A+m_{H_2O}\\ \Leftrightarrow0,4.2+m=28,4+18.0,4\\ \Leftrightarrow m=34,8\left(g\right)\\ b,x:y=0,3:0,4=3:4\Rightarrow x=3;y=4\\ \Rightarrow CTHH:Fe_3O_4\)
