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a) $2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$
b)
n H2SO4 = 0,03.1 = 0,03(mol)
n NaOH = 2n H2SO4 = 0,06(mol)
=> CM NaOH = 0,06/0,05 = 1,2M
c) $H_2SO_4 + 2KOH \to K_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$
n KOH = 2n H2SO4 = 0,06(mol)
=> m KOH = 0,06.56 = 3,36 gam
=> m dd KOH = 3,36/5,6% = 60(gam)
=> V dd KOH = m/D = 60/1,045 = 57,42(ml)
a) H2SO4 + 2NaOH --> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
b) \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: H2SO4 + 2NaOH --> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,2---->0,4
=> mNaOH = 0,4.40 = 16 (g)
=> \(m_{dd.NaOH}=\dfrac{16.100}{20}=80\left(g\right)\)
c)
PTHH: H2SO4 + 2KOH --> K2SO4 + 2H2O
0,2---->0,4
=> mKOH = 0,4.56 = 22,4 (g)
=> \(m_{dd.KOH}=\dfrac{22,4.100}{5,6}=400\left(g\right)\)
=> \(V_{dd.KOH}=\dfrac{400}{1,045}=382,775\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
0,2 0,4
\(m_{\text{ }NaOH}=0,4.40=16g\\ m_{\text{dd}NaOH}=\dfrac{16.100}{20}=80g\)
\(pthh:H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
0,2 0,4
\(m_{KOH}=0,4.56=22,4g\\
m_{\text{dd}KOH}=\dfrac{22,4.100}{5,6}=400g\\
V_{\text{dd}}=\dfrac{400}{1,045}=382,7ml\)
\(V_{dd}=\dfrac{22,4}{1,045}=21,4354ml\)
Bài 13 :
\(a)n_{Fe_2O_3} = \dfrac{9,6}{160} = 0,06(mol)\\ Fe_2O_3 + 6HCl \to 2FeCl_3 + 3H_2O\\ n_{HCl} = 6n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,36(mol)\\ C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,36.36,5}{150}.100\% = 8,76\%\\ \Rightarrow X = 8,76 b) n_{FeCl_3} = 2n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,12(mol)\\ m_{FeCl_3} = 0,12.162,5 =19,5(gam)\)
\(TC:\)
\(V_1+V_2=2\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{NaOH\left(3\%\right)}}=1.05V_1\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH\left(3\%\right)}=1.05V_1\cdot3\%=0.0315V_1\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{NaOH\left(10\%\right)}}=1.12V_2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH\left(10\%\right)}=1.12V_2\cdot10\%=0.112V_2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH\left(8\%\right)}=2000\cdot1.1\cdot8\%=176\left(g\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0.0315V_1+0.112V_2=176\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):V_1=596\left(ml\right),V_2=1404\left(ml\right)\)
Gọi V dd NaOH 3% = a(lít) ; V dd NaOH 10% = b(lít)
Ta có : a + b = 2(1)
Áp dụng CT : m dd = D.V
m dd NaOH 3% = a.1,05.1000 = 1050a(gam)
m dd NaOH 10% = b.1,12.1000 = 1120b(gam)
m dd NaOH 8% = 2.1,1.1000 = 2200(gam)
Sau khi pha :
m NaOH = 1050a.3% + 1120b.10% = 2200.8%(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,596(lít) = 596(ml) ; b = 1,404(lít) = 1404(ml)
Gọi a, b lần lượt là thể tích dung dịch HCl 34% và dung dịch HCl 20% ( a, b > 0, lít )
\(\Rightarrow a+b=7\left(I\right)\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}\left(34\%\right)=1,468.1000a=1468a\left(g\right)\\m_{ddHCl}\left(20\%\right)=1,2.1000b=1200b\left(g\right)\\m_{ddHCl}\left(28\%\right)=1,14.7000=7980\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}\left(34\%\right)=\dfrac{34.1468a}{100}=499,12a\left(g\right)\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{HCl}\left(20\%\right)=240b\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl}\left(28\%\right)=2234,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo đề lấy a lít dung dịch HCl 34% ( D = 1,468 g/ml ) trộn với b lít dung dịch HCL 20% ( D = 1,2 g/ml )thu được 7 lít dd HCl 28% ( D = 1,14 g/ml)
\(\Rightarrow499,12a+240b=2234,4\left(II\right)\)
Từ (I) và (II), ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=7\\499,12a+240b=2234,4\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2,14\left(l\right)\\b=4,86\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> khối lượng dung dịch.
Ta có: \(m_{HCl}=146.5\%=7,3\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+2H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddCa\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05\left(l\right)=50\left(ml\right)\)
Có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd.H_2SO_4.cần.dùng}=\dfrac{0,2.98.100\%}{20\%}=98\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{dd.H_2SO_4.cần.dùng}=\dfrac{98}{1,14}=85,96\left(ml\right)\)
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