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1)
Ta có: x+y=2
nên \(\left(x+y\right)^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2xy=2\)
hay xy=1
Ta có: \(x^3+y^3\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=2^3-3\cdot1\cdot2\)
=2
2)\(x^2+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=8^2-2\cdot\left(-20\right)=104\)
\(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)=8^3-3\cdot\left(-20\right)\cdot8=512+480=992\)
\(x^2+y^2+xy=\left(x+y\right)^2-xy=8^2-\left(-20\right)=64+20=84\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
`x^3+y^3`
`=(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)`
`=3[(x+y)^2-3xy]`
`=3(3^2-2.3)`
`=3(9-6)=3.3=9`
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a,x+y=1\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3=1\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)=1\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy\cdot1=1\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy=1\)
\(b,x^3-y^3-3xy\\ =x^3-3x^2y+3xy^2-y^3-3xy+3x^2y-3xy^2\\ =\left(x-y\right)^3-3xy\left(x-y-1\right)\\ =1^3-3xy\left(1-1\right)=1-0=1\)
\(c,x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)+6x^2y^2\left(x+y\right)\\ =\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+3xy\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\right]+6x^2y^2\\ =x^2-xy+y^2+3xy-6x^2y^2+6x^2y^2\\ =x^2+2xy+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=24^3-3\cdot24\cdot18\)
\(=13824-1296\)
=12528
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(x+y=4=>\left(x+y\right)^2=16\)
\(=>x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=4\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-3xy\right)=4\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-3.3\right]=4\left(16-9\right)=28\)
Lời giải:
Theo hằng đẳng thức đáng nhớ:
$x^3+y^3=(x+y)^3-3xy(x+y)=4^3-3.3.4=28$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
VT: \(\left(xy+1\right)\left(x^2y^2-xy+1\right)+\left(x^3-1\right)\left(1-y^3\right)\)
\(=\left(xy\right)^3+1^3+x^3-x^3y^3-1+y^3\)
\(=x^3y^3+1+x^3-x^3y^3-1+y^3\)
\(=\left(x^3y^3-x^3y^3\right)+\left(1-1\right)+\left(x^3+y^3\right)\)
\(=x^3+y^3=VP\left(dpcm\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
`#3107.101107`
`D = x^3 - y^3 - 3xy` biết `x - y - 1 = 0`
Ta có:
`x - y - 1 = 0`
`=> x - y = 1`
`D = x^3 - y^3 - 3xy`
`= (x - y)(x^2 + xy + y^2) - 3xy`
`= 1 * (x^2 + xy + y^2) - 3xy`
`= x^2+ xy + y^2 - 3xy`
`= x^2 - 2xy + y^2`
`= x^2 - 2*x*y + y^2`
`= (x - y)^2`
`= 1^2 = 1`
Vậy, với `x - y = 1` thì `D = 1`
________
`E = x^3 + y^3` với `x + y = 5; x^2 + y^2 = 17`
`x + y = 5`
`=> (x + y)^2 = 25`
`=> x^2 + 2xy + y^2 = 25`
`=> 2xy = 25 - (x^2 + y^2)`
`=> 2xy = 25 - 17`
`=> 2xy = 8`
`=> xy = 4`
Ta có:
`E = x^3 + y^3`
`= (x + y)(x^2 - xy + y^2)`
`= 5 * [ (x^2 + y^2) - xy]`
`= 5 * (17 - 4)`
`= 5 * 13`
`= 65`
Vậy, với `x + y = 5; x^2 + y^2 = 17` thì `E = 65`
________
`F = x^3 - y^3` với `x - y = 4; x^2 + y^2 = 26`
Ta có:
`x - y = 4`
`=> (x - y)^2 = 16`
`=> x^2 - 2xy + y^2 = 16`
`=> (x^2 + y^2) - 2xy = 16`
`=> 2xy = (x^2 + y^2) - 16`
`=> 2xy = 26 - 16`
`=> 2xy = 10`
`=> xy = 5`
Ta có:
`F = x^3 - y^3`
`= (x - y)(x^2 + xy + y^2)`
`= 4 * [ (x^2 + y^2) + xy]`
`= 4 * (26 + 5)`
`= 4*31`
`= 124`
Vậy, với `x - y = 4; x^2 + y^2 = 26` thì `F = 124.`
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=4\\xy=1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y+4\\y\left(y+4\right)=1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y+4\\y^2+4y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y+4\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-2+\sqrt{5}\\y=-2-\sqrt{5}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(y=-2+\sqrt{5}\Rightarrow x=2+\sqrt{5}\)
Với \(y=-2-\sqrt{5}\Rightarrow x=2-\sqrt{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=x^2+y^2=\left(-2+\sqrt{5}\right)^2+\left(2+\sqrt{5}\right)^2=\left(2-\sqrt{5}\right)^2+\left(-2-\sqrt{5}\right)^2=18\)
\(B=x^3+y^3\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}B=\left(2+\sqrt{5}\right)^3+\left(-2+\sqrt{5}\right)^3=34\sqrt{5}\\B=\left(2-\sqrt{5}\right)^3+\left(-2-\sqrt{5}\right)^3=-34\sqrt{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow C=x^4+y^4=\left(-2+\sqrt{5}\right)^4+\left(2+\sqrt{5}\right)^4=\left(2-\sqrt{5}\right)^4+\left(-2-\sqrt{5}\right)^4=322\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(x+y=a\left(1\right)\)
\(x-y=b\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)\Rightarrow2x=a+b\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{a+b}{2}\)
\(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow y=a-x\Rightarrow y=a-\dfrac{a+b}{2}\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{a-b}{2}\)
\(xy=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)}{2}.\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)}{2}=\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{4}\)
\(x^3-y^3=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^3-\left(\dfrac{a-b}{2}\right)^3=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{8}-\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^3}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^3-\left(a-b\right)^3}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b-a+b\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)+\left(a-b\right)^2\right]}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{2b\left[a^2+b^2+2ab+a^2-b^2+a^2+b^2-2ab\right]}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{b\left[3a^2+b^2+2ab\right]}{4}\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=a\\x-y=b\end{matrix}\right.\) tính \(x^3\) - y3 theo \(a\) và \(b\)
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+x-y=a+b\\x-y=b\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=a+b\\y=x-b\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\left(a+b\right):2\\y=\left(a-b\right):2\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ \(xy\) = \(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\)\(\times\)\(\dfrac{a-b}{2}\) = \(\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{4}\)
\(x^{3^{ }}\) - y3 = (\(x\) - y)(\(x^2\) + \(x\)y + y2) = \(\left(x-y\right)\)\(\left(\left[x+y\right]^2-xy\right)\) (1)
Thay \(x-y\) = a; \(x\) + y = b và \(xy\) = \(\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{4}\) vào (1) ta có:
\(x^3\) - y3 = b.(a2 - \(\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{4}\)) = b.\(\dfrac{3a^2+b^2}{4}\) = \(\dfrac{3a^2b+b^3}{4}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
a.
$x^3+y^3=(x+y)^3-3xy(x+y)=9^3-3.9.18=243$
$x^4+y^4=(x^2+y^2)^2-2x^2y^2=[(x+y)^2-2xy]^2-2x^2y^2$
$=[9^2-2.18]^2-2.18^2=1377$
Nếu $x\geq y$ thì:
$x^3-y^3=(x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2)$
$=|x-y|[(x+y)^2-xy]=\sqrt{(x+y)^2-4xy}[(x+y)^2-xy]$
$=\sqrt{9^2-4.18}(9^2-18)=189$
Nếu $x< y$ thì $x^3-y^3=-189$
b.
$A=(x+y)^2-6(x+y)+y-5$
$=(-9)^2-6(-9)+y-5=130+y$
Chưa đủ cơ sở để tính biểu thức.