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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\((x^2+y^2)(3^2+4^2)\geq (3x+4y)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3^2+4^2\geq (3x+4y)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 25\geq (3x+4y)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow -5\leq 3x+4y\leq 5\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{4}\). Kết hợp với \(x^2+y^2=1\Rightarrow (x,y)=\left(\frac{3}{5};\frac{4}{5}\right); \left(\frac{-3}{5};\frac{-4}{5}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{xy+2x+2y+4}+\sqrt{\left(2x+2\right)y}< =5\)
\(< =>\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}+\sqrt{\left(2x+2\right)y}< =5\)
\(< =>\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}+\sqrt{2y\left(x+1\right)}< =5\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cauchy ta được :
\(\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}+\sqrt{2y\left(x+1\right)}< =\frac{x+y+4}{2}+\frac{2y+x+1}{2}\)
\(=\frac{2x+3y+5}{2}=\frac{10}{2}=5\)
\(=>\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}+\sqrt{2y\left(x+1\right)}< =5\)
Vậy ta có điều cần phải chứng minh
Bài 2. a/ \(1\le a,b,c\le3\) \(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right).\left(a-3\right)\le0\) , \(\left(b-1\right)\left(b-3\right)\le0\), \(\left(c-1\right).\left(c-3\right)\le0\)
Cộng theo vế : \(a^2+b^2+c^2\le4a+4b+4c-9\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+9}{4}=7\)
Vậy min E = 7 tại chẳng hạn, x = y = 3, z = 1
b/ Ta có : \(x+2y+z=\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
Tương tự : \(y+2z+x\ge2\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\) , \(z+2y+x\ge2\sqrt{\left(z+y\right)\left(y+x\right)}\)
Nhân theo vế : \(\left(x+2y+z\right)\left(y+2z+x\right)\left(z+2y+x\right)\ge8\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\) hay
\(\left(x+2y+z\right)\left(y+2z+x\right)\left(z+2y+x\right)\ge64\)
Có \(VT=\dfrac{x^2}{x^3-xyz+2013x}+\dfrac{y^2}{y^3-xyz+2013y}+\dfrac{z^2}{z^3-xyz+2013z}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+2013\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)\left[x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\right]+2013\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
(vì \(2013=3.671=3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\))
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^2-yz+2013}=\dfrac{1}{y^2-zx+2013}=\dfrac{1}{z^2-xy+2013}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-yz=y^2-zx=z^2-xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\) (với \(x,y,z>0\))
Vậy ta có đpcm.
3: \(P=\dfrac{x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{y}{\left(y+z\right)+\left(y+x\right)}+\dfrac{z}{\left(z+x\right)+\left(z+y\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{y+x}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{z}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{z+y}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = x = \(\dfrac{1}{3}\).
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky ta có:
\((3x+4\sqrt{1-x^2})^2\leq (3^2+4^2)[x^2+(1-x^2)]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (3x+4\sqrt{1-x^2})^2\leq 3^2+4^2=25\)
\(\Rightarrow -\sqrt{25}\leq 3x+4\sqrt{1-x^2}\leq \sqrt{25}\)
hay \(-5\leq 3x+4\sqrt{1-x^2}\leq 5\) (đpcm)
