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Ta chứng minh BĐT sau cho các số dương:
\(x^5+y^5\ge xy\left(x^3+y^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^5-x^4y+y^5-xy^4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^4-y^4\right)\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge0\) (đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{a^5+b^5}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{ab\left(a^3+b^3\right)}{ab\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{a+b}=a^2-ab+b^2\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=2-\left(ab+ca+ca\right)\)
\(VT\ge4-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2\)
\(VT\ge4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2\) (đpcm)
Áp dụng bđt Schwarz ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{a^4}{2ab+3ac}+\dfrac{b^4}{2cb+3ab}+\dfrac{c^4}{2ac+3bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{5\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{5}\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\).
Áp dụng BĐT Holder:
\(\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\right)^2\left[a^2\left(b+c\right)^2+b^2\left(c+a\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b\right)^2\right]\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3\)
Mặt khác:
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge3\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+abc\left(a+b+c\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left[a^2\left(b+c\right)^2+b^2\left(c+a\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b\right)^2\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+1}}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}}=x>0\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3x}{2}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{3x^2+1}}\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(P\ge\dfrac{7}{2}\)
Thật vậy, với \(x\ge\dfrac{7}{3}\Rightarrow P>\dfrac{3x}{2}\ge\dfrac{7}{2}\) (đúng)
Với \(0< x\le\dfrac{7}{3}\) ta cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{3x}{2}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{3x^2+1}}\ge\dfrac{7}{2}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{3x^2+1}}\ge\dfrac{7-3x}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow64\ge\left(7-3x\right)^2\left(3x^2+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-1\right)^2\left(-9x^2+24x+5\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2\left[3x\left(7-3x\right)+3x+5\right]\ge0\) (đúng)
Vậy \(P_{min}=\dfrac{7}{2}\) khi \(x=1\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)
a: \(A=\dfrac{25^6}{5^3}=\dfrac{\left(5^2\right)^6}{5^3}=\dfrac{5^{12}}{5^3}=5^9\)
b: \(B=32\cdot\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^5=32\cdot\dfrac{3^5}{2^5}=32\cdot\dfrac{243}{32}=243\)
c: \(C=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^4\cdot3^{-3}=3^{-4}\cdot3^{-3}=3^{-4-3}=3^{-7}\)
d: \(D=4^{-2}\cdot\left(\dfrac{2}{5}\right)^5\cdot5^4\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4^2}\cdot\dfrac{2^5}{5^5}\cdot5^4\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{16}\cdot\dfrac{32}{5}=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
e: \(E=9^{-5}:\left(\dfrac{5}{3}\right)^4\cdot25^2\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{9^5}:\dfrac{5^4}{3^4}\cdot\left(5^2\right)^2\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3^{10}}\cdot\dfrac{3^4}{5^4}\cdot5^4=\dfrac{1}{3^6}\)
f: \(F=\left(\dfrac{5}{8}\right)^{-2}:4^2\)
\(=\left(1:\dfrac{5}{8}\right)^2:4^2\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{8}{5}\right)^2\cdot\dfrac{1}{16}=\dfrac{64}{25}\cdot\dfrac{1}{16}=\dfrac{4}{25}\)
g: \(G=\left(\dfrac{5}{3}\right)^3\cdot\left(\dfrac{9}{2}\right)^2:\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^4\)
\(=\dfrac{5^3}{3^3}\cdot\dfrac{9^2}{2^2}:9\)
\(=\dfrac{5^3\cdot3^4}{3^3\cdot2^2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{125}{2^2\cdot3}=\dfrac{125}{3\cdot4}=\dfrac{125}{12}\)
\(A=\dfrac{\left(5^2\right)^6}{5^3}=\dfrac{5^{12}}{5^3}=5^9\)
\(B=32.\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^5=\dfrac{2^5.3^5}{2^5}=2^5\)
\(C=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^4.3^{-3}=\dfrac{1}{3^4.3^3}=\dfrac{1}{3^7}\)
\(D=4^{-2}.\left(\dfrac{2}{5}\right)^5.5^4=\dfrac{1}{\left(2^2\right)^2}.\dfrac{2^5}{5^5}.5^4=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(E=\dfrac{1}{9^5}.\dfrac{3^4}{5^4}.\left(5^2\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{3^{10}}.\dfrac{3^4}{5^4}.5^4=\dfrac{1}{3^6}\)
\(F=\dfrac{8^2}{5^2}:\left(2^2\right)^2=\dfrac{\left(2^3\right)^2}{5^2.2^4}=\dfrac{2^6}{5^2.2^4}=\dfrac{2^2}{5^2}\)
\(G=\dfrac{5^3}{3^3}.\dfrac{\left(3^2\right)^2}{2^2}:3^2=\dfrac{5^3}{3^3}.\dfrac{3^4}{2^2}.\dfrac{1}{3^2}=\dfrac{5^3}{3.2^2}\)
a: \(A=\dfrac{9^4}{3^2}=\dfrac{\left(3^2\right)^4}{3^2}=\dfrac{3^8}{3^2}=3^6\)=729
b: \(B=81\left(\dfrac{5}{3}\right)^4=81\cdot\dfrac{5^4}{3^4}=\dfrac{81}{3^4}\cdot5^4=5^4=625\)
c: \(C=\left(\dfrac{4}{7}\right)^{-4}\cdot\left(\dfrac{2}{7}\right)^3\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{7}{4}\right)^4\cdot\left(\dfrac{2}{7}\right)^3\)
\(=\dfrac{7^4}{4^4}\cdot\dfrac{2^3}{7^3}\)
\(=\dfrac{2^3}{4^4}\cdot7\)
\(=\dfrac{2^3}{2^8}\cdot7=\dfrac{7}{2^5}=\dfrac{7}{32}\)
d: \(D=7^{-6}\cdot\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^0\left(\dfrac{7}{5}\right)^6\)
\(=7^{-6}\left(\dfrac{7}{5}\right)^6\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{7^6}\cdot\dfrac{7^6}{5^6}=\dfrac{1}{5^6}=\dfrac{1}{15625}\)
e: \(E=8^3:\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^5\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2\)
\(=2^6:\dfrac{2^5}{3^5}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)
\(=2^6\cdot\dfrac{3^5}{2^5}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2^6}{2^5}\cdot\dfrac{3^5}{3^2}=3^3\cdot2=54\)
f: \(F=\left(\dfrac{7}{9}\right)^{-2}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)^8\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{9}{7}\right)^2\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^4\)
\(=\dfrac{9^2}{7^2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3^4}=\dfrac{9^2}{3^4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{7^2}=\dfrac{81}{81}\cdot\dfrac{1}{49}=\dfrac{1}{49}\)
g: \(G=\left(-\dfrac{4}{5}\right)^{-2}\cdot\left(\dfrac{2}{5}\right)^2\cdot\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^3\)
\(=\left(-\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2\cdot\left(\dfrac{2}{5}\right)^2\cdot2\sqrt{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{25}{16}\cdot\dfrac{4}{25}\cdot2\sqrt{2}=\dfrac{4}{16}\cdot2\sqrt{2}=\dfrac{8\sqrt{2}}{16}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(3=ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}\Rightarrow abc\le1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+a\left(ab+ac\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+a\left(3-bc\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+3a-abc}=\dfrac{1}{3a+\left(1-abc\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{3a}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{3a}+\dfrac{1}{3b}+\dfrac{1}{3c}=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3abc}=\dfrac{3}{3abc}=\dfrac{1}{abc}\)
a: \(A=3^{\dfrac{2}{5}}\cdot3^{\dfrac{1}{5}}\cdot3^{\dfrac{1}{5}}=3^{\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}}=3^{\dfrac{4}{5}}\)
b: \(B=\left(-27\right)^{\dfrac{1}{3}}=\left[\left(-3\right)^3\right]^{\dfrac{1}{3}}=\left(-3\right)^{\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot3}=\left(-3\right)^1=-3\)
c: \(C=\sqrt[3]{-64}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^3\)
\(=\sqrt[3]{\left(-4\right)^3}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2^3}=-4\cdot\dfrac{1}{8}=-\dfrac{4}{8}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
d: \(D=\left(-27\right)^{\dfrac{1}{3}}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^4\)
\(=\left[\left(-3\right)^3\right]^{\dfrac{1}{3}}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3^4}\)
\(=\left(-3\right)^{3\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}}\cdot\dfrac{1}{81}=\dfrac{-3}{81}=\dfrac{-1}{27}\)
e: \(E=\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^{106}\cdot\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^{106}\)
\(=\left[\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\right]^{106}\)
\(=\left(3-1\right)^{106}=2^{106}\)
f: \(F=360^{\sqrt{5}+1}\cdot20^{3-\sqrt{5}}\cdot18^{3-\sqrt{5}}\)
\(=360^{\sqrt{5}+1}\cdot\left(20\cdot18\right)^{3-\sqrt{5}}\)
\(=360^{\sqrt{5}+1}\cdot360^{3-\sqrt{5}}=360^{\sqrt{5}+1+3-\sqrt{5}}=360^4\)
g: \(G=2023^{3+2\sqrt{2}}\cdot2023^{2\sqrt{2}-3}\)
\(=2023^{3+2\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{2}-3}\)
\(=2023^{4\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3+c^2}+\dfrac{b^3+c^2}{4}+\dfrac{a^4}{2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^9.\left(b^3+c^2\right)}{8\left(b^3+c^2\right)}}=\dfrac{3a^3}{2}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(\Rightarrow M-\dfrac{a^4+b^4+c^4}{2}+\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge\dfrac{a^4+b^4+c^4}{2}+\dfrac{5}{4}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Mặt khác ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{6}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\left(a^3+a^3+1\right)+\left(b^3+b^3+1\right)+\left(c^3+c^3+1\right)\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3\ge9\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{15}{4}-\dfrac{3}{4}=...\)