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ĐKXĐ: \(a,b,c\ne0\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=2013.\dfrac{1}{2013}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+1+1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2c+a^2b+b^2c+ab^2+bc^2+ac^2+2abc}{abc}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c+a^2b+b^2c+ab^2+bc^2+ac^2+2abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac\left(a+b\right)+ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left[a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-b\\b=-c\\c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà \(a+b+c=2013\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=2013\\b=2013\\c=2013\end{matrix}\right.\)(đpcm)
\(a^{2012}+b^{2012}+c^{2012}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^{2012}}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^{2012}+b^{2012}+c^{2012}}\le\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\dfrac{1}{a^{2012}+b^{2012}+c^{2012}}\ge-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Lại có:
\(a^{2013}+a^{2013}+...+a^{2013}\left(\text{2012 số hạng}\right)+1\ge2013\sqrt[2013]{\left(a^{2013}\right)^{2012}}=2013.a^{2012}\)
\(\Rightarrow2012.a^{2013}+1\ge2013.a^{2012}\)
Tương tự: \(2012.b^{2013}+1\ge2013.b^{2012}\) ; \(2012.c^{2013}+1\ge2013.c^{2012}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\Rightarrow a^{2013}+b^{2013}+c^{2013}\ge\dfrac{2013\left(a^{2012}+b^{2012}+c^{2012}\right)-3}{2012}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{2013\left(a^{2012}+b^{2012}+c^{2012}\right)-3}{2012\left(a^{2012}+b^{2012}+c^{2012}\right)}=\dfrac{2013}{2012}-\dfrac{3}{2012}.\dfrac{1}{a^{2012}+b^{2012}+c^{2012}}\ge\dfrac{2013}{2012}-\dfrac{3}{2012}.\dfrac{1}{3}=1\)
\(A_{min}=1\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Có \(VT=\dfrac{x^2}{x^3-xyz+2013x}+\dfrac{y^2}{y^3-xyz+2013y}+\dfrac{z^2}{z^3-xyz+2013z}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+2013\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)\left[x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\right]+2013\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
(vì \(2013=3.671=3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\))
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^2-yz+2013}=\dfrac{1}{y^2-zx+2013}=\dfrac{1}{z^2-xy+2013}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-yz=y^2-zx=z^2-xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\) (với \(x,y,z>0\))
Vậy ta có đpcm.
2) \(\sum\dfrac{x}{x^2-yz+2013}=\sum\dfrac{x^2}{x^3-xyz+2013x}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+2013\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đặt biểu thức trên là A
Ta có:
\(A=\sqrt{\dfrac{2014^2+2013^2.2014^2+2013^2}{2014^2}}+\dfrac{2013}{2014}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{2014^2-2.2013.2014+2013^2+2013^2.2014^2+2.2013.2014}}{2014}+\dfrac{2013}{2014}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{1+2.2013.2014+\left(2013.2014\right)^2}}{2014}+\dfrac{2013}{2014}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(2013.2014+1\right)^2}}{2014}+\dfrac{2013}{2014}\)\(=\dfrac{2013.2014+1+2013}{2014}\)\(=2014\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\sum \frac{c^{2013}}{a+b-c}=\sum \frac{c^{4024}}{ac^{2011}+bc^{2011}-c^{2012}}\geq \frac{(\sum a^{2012})^2}{a^{2011}(b+c)+b^{2011}(c+a)+c^{2011}(b+a)-\sum a^{2012}}\)
Ta sẽ CM:
\(a^{2011}(b+c)+b^{2011}(c+a)+c^{2011}(b+a)-\sum a^{2012}\leq \sum a^{2012}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^{2011}(a-b)+a^{2011}(a-c)+b^{2011}(b-a)+b^{2011}(b-c)+c^{2011}(c-a)+c^{2011}(c-b)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \sum (a-b)(a^{2011}-b^{2011})\geq 0\Leftrightarrow \sum (a-b)^2(a^{2010}+...+b^{2010})\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó: \(\sum \frac{c^{2013}}{a+b-c}\geq \frac{(\sum a^{2012})^2}{\sum a^{2012}}=\sum a^{2012}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$. Tức là $ABC$ là tam giác đều.
Akai Haruma Giáo viên cho em hỏi kí hiệu \(\sum\) là gì ạ và kí hiệu này được học ở lớp mấy ạ?
