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\(P=\dfrac{x^4+x^3-3x-1}{x^2+x+1}=\dfrac{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)-2x}{x^2+x+1}=x^2-1-\dfrac{2x}{x^2+x+1}\)
Vì x \(\in Z\) nên để P \(\in Z\) thì : \(\dfrac{x}{x^2+x+1}\in Z\)
Đặt \(A=\dfrac{x}{x^2+x+1}\) . Với x = 0 ; ta có : \(P=-1\in Z\)
Với x khác 0 ; ta có : \(A=\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{x}+1}\)
Nếu x > 0 ; ta có : \(0< A\le\dfrac{1}{3}\) ( vì \(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\ge2\) ) => Ko tồn tại g/t nguyên của A (L)
Nếu x < 0 ; ta có : \(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\le-2\) \(\Rightarrow x+\dfrac{1}{x}+1\le-1\)
Suy ra : \(0>A\ge\dfrac{1}{-1}=-1\) \(\Rightarrow A=-1\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{1}{x}=-2\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
x = -1 ; ta có : P = 2 \(\in Z\) (t/m)
Vậy ...
\(A=\frac{x^3-4x^2+4x-10}{x-3}\)( ĐKXĐ : x ≠ 3 )
\(=\frac{x^3-3x^2-x^2+3x+x-3-7}{x-3}\)
\(=\frac{x^2\left(x-3\right)-x\left(x-3\right)+\left(x-3\right)-7}{x-3}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)-7}{x-3}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}{x-3}-\frac{7}{x-3}\)
\(=\left(x^2-x+1\right)-\frac{7}{x-3}\)
Vì x ∈ Z nên ( x2 - x + 1 ) ∈ Z
nên để A ∈ Z thì \(\frac{7}{x-3}\)∈ Z
hay ( x - 3 ) ∈ Ư(7) = { ±1 ; ±7 }
| x-3 | 1 | -1 | 7 | -7 |
| x | 4 | 2 | 10 | -4 |
Các giá trị tm ĐKXĐ
Vậy x ∈ { ±4 ; 2 ; 10 } thì A ∈ Z
\(ĐKXĐ:x\ne3\)
\(A=\frac{x^3-4x^2+4x-10}{x-3}=\frac{x^3-3x^2-x^2+3x+x-3-7}{x-3}\)
\(=\frac{x^2\left(x-3\right)-x\left(x-3\right)+\left(x-3\right)-7}{x-3}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)-7}{x-3}=\left(x^2-x+1\right)-\frac{7}{x-3}\)
Vì \(x\inℤ\)\(\Rightarrow x^2-x+1\inℤ\)
\(\Rightarrow\)Để \(A\inℤ\)thì \(\frac{7}{x-3}\inℤ\)\(\Rightarrow7⋮x-3\)
\(\Rightarrow x-3\inƯ\left(7\right)=\left\{-7;-1;1;7\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{-4;2;4;10\right\}\)( thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ )
Vậy \(x\in\left\{-4;2;4;10\right\}\)
a) \(\left(\frac{x+3}{x-2}+\frac{x+2}{3-x}+\frac{x+2}{x^2-5x+6}\right):\left(\frac{1-x}{x+1}\right)\)
= \(\left(\frac{x+3}{x-2}-\frac{x+2}{x-3}+\frac{x+2}{x^2-2x-3x+6}\right):\left(\frac{1-x}{x+1}\right)\)
= \(\left(\frac{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}-\frac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}+\frac{x+2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}\right):\left(\frac{1-x}{x+1}\right)\)
= \(\left(\frac{x^2-9-x^2+4+x+2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}\right).\frac{x+1}{1-x}\)
=\(\frac{-3+x}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}.\frac{x+1}{1-x}\)
=\(\frac{1}{\left(x-2\right)}.\frac{x+1}{1-x}\)
=\(\frac{x+1}{\left(x-2\right)\left(1-x\right)}\)
b) Để A >1 \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+1}{\left(x-2\right)\left(1-x\right)}>1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{-\left(1-x\right)\left(3-x\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(1-x\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-3}{x-2}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-3\ge0\\x-2>0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x\ge3\\x>2\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}x\ge3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-3< 0\\x-2< 0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x< 3\\x< 2\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}x< 2}\)
Vậy ...
Answer:
\(A=\frac{4x+21}{x+5}\) (ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne-5\))
\(=\frac{4x+20+1}{x+5}\)
\(=\frac{4\left(x+5\right)+1}{x+5}\)
\(=4+\frac{1}{x+5}\)
Để A là số nguyên thì 1 chia hết cho x + 5
\(\Rightarrow x+5\inƯ\left(1\right)=\left\{\pm1\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-4;-6\right\}\)