Cho \(a^2+b^2+c^2=a^3+b^3+c^3=1\). Tính \(S=a^{2016}+b^{2017}+c^{2018}\)
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\(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2\le1\\b^2\le1\\c^2\le1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|a\right|\le1\\\left|b\right|\le1\\\left|c\right|\le1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^3\le a^2\\b^3\le b^2\\c^3\le c^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\le a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi: \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị
\(\Rightarrow S=0+0+1=1\)
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1)
\(\dfrac{x-1}{2014}+\dfrac{x-2}{2013}+\dfrac{x-3}{2012}+...+\dfrac{x-2014}{1}=2014\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-1}{2014}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-2}{2013}-1\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{x-2014}{1}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-2015}{2014}+\dfrac{x-2015}{2013}+...+\dfrac{x-2015}{1}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2025\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2014}+\dfrac{1}{2013}+...+\dfrac{1}{1}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2015\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{2015\right\}\)
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\(a\left(b^2+c^2\right)+b\left(a^2+c^2\right)+c\left(a^2+b^2\right)-2abc-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+\left[ab^2+ac^2+a^2b+bc^2-a^3-b^3-c^3\right]\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)+ab^2+a^2b-a^3-b^3\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)-\left(a^3-a^2b\right)+\left(ab^2-b^3\right)\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)-a^2\left(a-b\right)+b^2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)-\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\)
\(=-\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b-c\right)+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a-b+c\right)\left(-a+b+c\right)\)
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Đặt \(P=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+b^2+ab}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3}}=a-\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}\ge\dfrac{2b-c}{3}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\ge\dfrac{2c-a}{3}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}=673\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=673\)
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từ giả thiết => a;b;c<=1
\(a\le1\\ \Rightarrow a^3\le a^2\)
tt b^3<=b^2;c^3<=c^2
=>a^3+b^3+c^3\(\le\)a^2+b^2+c^2
dấu = xảy ra <=> a=0hoặc a=1 tt với b;c và a^2+b^2+c^2=a^3+b^3+c^3=1
=>S=1
a2 + b2 + c2 = a3 + b3 + c3 = 1
\(\Rightarrow\)a2 ( a - 1 ) + b2 ( b - 1 ) + c2 ( c - 1 ) = 0 ( 1 )
a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 ; a2,b2,c2 \(\ge\)0 \(\Rightarrow\)a2,b2,c2 \(\le\)1
\(\Rightarrow\)a \(\le\)1,b \(\le\)1, c \(\le\)1 \(\Rightarrow\)1 - a \(\ge\)0 ; 1-b \(\ge\)0 ; 1 - c \(\ge\)0
\(\Rightarrow\)a2 ( a - 1 ) + b2 ( b - 1 ) + c2 ( c - 1 ) \(\le\)0 ( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow\)a2 ( a - 1 ) = b2 ( b - 1 ) = c2 ( c - 1 ) = 0
\(\Rightarrow\)a = b = 0 ; c = 1 hoặc b = c = 0 ; a = 1 hoặc a = c = 0 ; b = 1
\(\Rightarrow\)S = 1