Cho 24,8g hỗn hợp MgO và MgCO3 tác dụng vừa đủ với dd HCl 2M. Khi phản ứng kết thúc người ta thu đc 4,48l khí ở đktc a) Viết các pthh xảy ra , tính khối lượng mỗi chất có trong hỗn hợp ban đầu b) Tính thể tích dd HCl 2M cần dùng để hoà tan hỗn hợp trên
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PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{Mg}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=1\cdot24=24\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24}{32}\cdot100\%=75\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{MgO}=25\%\)
b) Theo 2 PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Mg}=2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{MgO}=2\cdot\dfrac{32-24}{40}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=2,4mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{2,4\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=1200\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(\Sigma n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma m_{MgCl_2}=1,2\cdot95=114\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=1\cdot2=2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=1230\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{114}{1230}\cdot100\%\approx9,27\%\)
a) MgO + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2O (1)
MgCO3 + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2O + CO2 (2)
b) \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{MgCO_3}=n.M=0,1.84=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{MgO}=16-8,4=8\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=0,4\left(mol\right)\); nHCl(2) = 0,2(mol)
=> nHCl = 0.4 + 0,2 = 0,6 (mol)
=> VHCl = \(\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,6}{1,5}=0,4\left(l\right)=400\left(ml\right)\)
a)
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
$MgO + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2o$
b)
Theo PTHH : $n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{4,48}{22,4} = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{Mg} = 0,2.24 = 4,8(gam)$
$m_{MgO} = m_{hh} - m_{Mg} = 12,8 - 4,8 = 8(gam)$
c)
$n_{MgO} = \dfrac{8}{40} = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{Mg} + 2n_{MgO} = 0,8(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,8.36,5}{14,6\%} = 200(gam)$
PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{ZnCl_2}\\n_{HCl}=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0.3\cdot65}{35,5}\cdot100\%\approx54,93\%\\\%m_{Cu}=45,07\%\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6\cdot36,5}{500}\cdot100\%=4,38\%\\m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3\cdot136=40,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu}=35,5-0,3\cdot65=16\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{Cu}-m_{H_2}=518,9\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{518,9}\cdot100\%\approx7,86\%\)
\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(CO_2+Na\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)
b. \(n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{21}{84}=0,25mol\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2.0,25=0,5mol\)
\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l\)
c. \(n_{CO_2}=n_{MgCO_3}=0,25mol\)
\(n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,25mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,25.100=25g\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:MgCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\\ MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{MgCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{MgCO_3}=0,1\cdot84=8,4\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{8,4}{10,4}\cdot100\%\approx80,77\%\\ \Rightarrow\%_{MgO}=100\%-80,77\%=19,23\%\)
\(b,m_{MgO}=10,4-8,4=2\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{MgO}=\dfrac{2}{40}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\sum n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{MgCO_3}+n_{MgO}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\sum m_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\cdot98=14,7\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow\sum m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{14,7}{9,8\%}=150\left(g\right)\\ \sum n_{MgSO_4}=\sum n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\sum m_{MgSO_4}=0,15\cdot120=18\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{18}{10,4+150-0,1\cdot44}\approx11,54\%\)