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1)
$MgO + 2HCl to MgCl_2 + H_2O$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
2)
$n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{2,24}{22,4} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{Mg} = 0,1.24 = 2,4(gam)$
$m_{MgO} = 4,4 - 2,4 = 2(gam)$
3)
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{Mg} + 2n_{MgO} = 0,1.2 + \dfrac{2}{40}.2 = 0,3(mol)$
$V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,3}{2} = 0,15(lít) = 150(ml)$
nH2=0,1(mol)
PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
0,1__________0,2___________0,1(mol)
MgO + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O
0,05____0,1___0,05(mol)
mMg=0,1. 24= 2,4(g) -> mMgO=4,4-2,4= 2(g) -> nMgO=0,05((mol)
b) %mMg= (2,4/4,4).100=54,545%
=> %mMgO=45,455%
c) nHCl=0,3(mol) -> mHCl=0,3.36,5=10,95(g)
=> mddHCl=(10,95.100)/7,3=150(g)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{Mg}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=1\cdot24=24\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24}{32}\cdot100\%=75\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{MgO}=25\%\)
b) Theo 2 PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Mg}=2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{MgO}=2\cdot\dfrac{32-24}{40}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=2,4mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{2,4\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=1200\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(\Sigma n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma m_{MgCl_2}=1,2\cdot95=114\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=1\cdot2=2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=1230\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{114}{1230}\cdot100\%\approx9,27\%\)
Câu 5 :
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O|\)
1 2 1 1
0,15 0,3 0,15
a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{MgO}=8,4-2,4=6\left(g\right)\)
0/0Mg = \(\dfrac{2,4.100}{8,4}=28,57\)0/0
0/0MgO = \(\dfrac{6.100}{8,4}=71,43\)0/0
b) Có : \(m_{MgO}=6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{6}{40}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,2+0,3=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25.100}{3,65}=500\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{MgCl2\left(tổng\right)}=0,1+0,15=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{MgCl2}=0,15.95=14,25\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=8,4+500-\left(0,1.2\right)=508,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{MgCl2}=\dfrac{14,25.100}{508,2}=2,8\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
a,
Mg+ 2HCl= MgCl2+ H2
MgO+ 2HCl= MgCl2+ H2O
b,
nH2= 2,24/22,4= 0,1 mol
=> nMg= nMgCl2= 0,5nHCl= 0,1 mol => nHCl= 0,2 mol
=> mMg= 0,1.24= 2,4g
=> mMgO= 2g
c,
nMgO= 2/40= 0,05 mol
=> nMgO= 0,5nHCl= nMgCl2= 0,05 mol
=> nHCl= 0,1 mol
Tổng lượng HCl cần dùng là 0,1+0,2=0,3 mol
=> m dd HCl= 0,3.36,5.100:7,3= 150g
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,2 0,1 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,1\cdot24=2,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=4,4-2,4=2\left(g\right)\)\(\Rightarrow n_{MgO}=\dfrac{2}{40}=0,05mol\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
0,05 0,1
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,2+0,1=0,3mol\)\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,3\cdot36,5=10,95\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{10,95}{7,3}\cdot100=150\left(g\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
\(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1.12}{22.4}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.05\cdot24=1.2g\)
\(m_{MgO}=9.2-1.2=8\left(g\right)\)
a, PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
b, Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgO}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 24x + 40y = 4,4 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ x = 0,1 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{4,4}.100\%\approx54,54\%\\\%m_{MgO}\approx45,46\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Theo PT: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+2n_{MgO}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(l\right)=150\left(ml\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
