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PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,25}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) HCl còn dư, Kẽm p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=22,4\cdot0,1=2,24\left(l\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,05\cdot36,5=1,825\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,6}{2}\Rightarrow Zn.dư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{Zn\left(p.ứ\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)
`n_(Zn)=m/M=(26)/65=0,4(mol)`
`n_(HCl)=m/M=(21,9)/36,5=0,6(mol)`
`PTHH:Zn+2HCl->ZnCl_2 +H_2`
tỉ lệ: 1 ; 2 : 1 : 1
n(mol) 0,3<----0,6---->0,3----->0,3
\(\dfrac{n_{Zn}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\left(\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,6}{2}\right)\)
`=>` `Zn` dư, `HCl` hết, tính theo `HCl`
`V_(H_2)=n*22,4=0,3*22,4=6,72(l)`
`n_(Zn(dư))=0,4-0,3=0,1(mol)`
`m_(Zn(dư))=n*M=0,1*65=6,5(g)`
a, PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{6,4}{160}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,04}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{3}\), ta được H2 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=3n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,12\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,12=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2\left(dư\right)}=0,08.2=0,16\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,08\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,08.56=4,48\left(g\right)\)
a)
\(Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\)
b)
\(n_{Zn} = \dfrac{13}{65} = 0,2(mol)\)
Ta thấy : \(\dfrac{n_{Zn}}{1} = 0,2 > \dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2} = 0,15\) nên Zn dư.
Theo PTHH :
\(n_{Zn\ pư} = 0,5n_{HCl} = 0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Zn\ dư} = 0,2 - 0,15 = 0,05(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn\ dư} = 0,05.65 = 3,25(gam)\)
c)
Ta có :
\(n_{H_2} = n_{Zn\ pư} = 0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2mol\)
\(n_{HCl}=2,5.0,2=0,5mol\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 < 0,5 ( mol )
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2 ( mol )
Chất dư là HCl
\(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,5-0,4\right).36,5=3,65g\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\)
\(C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)
PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Zn p/ứ hết, H2SO4 còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot98=9,8\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2mol\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,5 0 0
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
0 0,1 0,2 0,2
Sau phản ứng, axit HCl còn dư và dư \(m=0,1\cdot36,5=3,65g\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2\cdot136=27,2g\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48l\)
\( n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1mol\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{24,5}{98}=0,25mol\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,1 0,25 0 0
0,1 0,15 0,05 0,15
0 0,1 0,05 0,15
Chất \(H_2SO_4\) dư và dư \(m=0,1\cdot98=9,8g\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36l\)
\(nAl=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(nH_2SO_4=\dfrac{24,5}{98}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
0,1---->0,15------>0,05--------------->0,15
Xét tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,25}{3}\)
=> H2SO4 dư vs pứ
\(nH_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}=0,25-0,15=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(mH_2SO_4=\)\(0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
\(VH_2=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(lít\right)\)
a) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\) => Zn hết, HCl dư
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
0,2--->0,4-------------->0,2
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,5-0,4=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)