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Tìm thể tích dung dịch KOH
- Phương trình hoá học :
H 2 SO 4 + 2KOH → K 2 SO 4 + 2 H 2 O
- Số mol KOH tham gia phản ứng :
n KOH = 2 n H 2 SO 4 = 0,02 x 2 = 0,04 mol
- Khối lượng KOH tham gia phản ứng : mKOH = 0,04 x 56 = 2,24 (gam).
- Khối lượng dung dịch KOH cần dùng :
m dd KOH = 2,24x100/5,6 = 40 gam
- Thể tích dung dịch KOH cần dùng:
V dd KOH = 40/1,045 ≈ 38,278 ml
nH2SO4=0,02.1=0,02(ol)
a) PTHH: 2 NaOH + H2SO4 -> Na2SO4 + 2 H2O
0,04____________0,02____0,02(mol)
mNaOH=0,04.40= 1,6(g)
=>mddNaOH= (1,6.100)/20= 8(g)
b) PTHH: H2SO4 + 2 KOH -> K2SO4 + 2 H2O
0,2____________0,04(mol)
=>mKOH=0,04.56=2,24(g)
=>mddKOH= (2,24.100)/5,6=40(g)
=>VddKOH= mddKOH/DddKOH= 40/1,045=38,278(ml)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=1.0,2=0,2(mol)\\ PTHH:2NaOH+H_2SO_4\to Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ a,n_{NaOH}=0,4(mol);n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,2.142=28,4(g)\\ m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,4.40}{20\%}=80(g) \end{cases}\\ b,2KOH+H_2SO_4\to K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{KOH}=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0,4.56}{5,6\%}=400(g)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{KOH}}=\dfrac{400}{1,045}=382,78(ml)\)
Bước 1: nH2SO4 = VH2SO4 . CM H2SO4= 0,2 . 1 = 0,2mol
Bước 2:
PTHH: 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O
2 mol 1 mol
? mol 0,2mol
nNaOH=0,2.21=0,4mol.nNaOH=0,2.21=0,4mol.
m NaOH= n NaOH.MNaOH = 0,4 . (23 + 16 + 1) = 16g
Bước 3: C% = mNaOH : m dd NaOH => mdd NaOH = mNaOH : C% = 16 : 20% = 80g
a,b)\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\) theo PT \(2n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{NaOV}=0,4\Rightarrow m_{NaOV}=0,4.4016kg\)
\(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow H_2Na_2SO_4+H_2\)
\(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{16}{2}=80g\)
c)\(n_{KOH}=2_{n_{H_2SO_4}}=0,4\Rightarrow m_{KOH}=0,3.56-22,4g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KOH\left(dd\right)}=\dfrac{22,4}{0,056}=400\Rightarrow V=\dfrac{400}{1,045}=182,8\left(ml\right)\)
a, \(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\) \(\left(1\right)\)
b, Đổi \(20ml=0,02l\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,02.1=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Thep phương trình \(\left(1\right)\) ta được:
\(n_{NaOH}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=2.0,02=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{NaOH}=0,04.40=1,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd NaOH}=\dfrac{1,6}{20}.100=8\left(g\right)\)
c, \(H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\) \(\left(2\right)\)
Theo phương trình \(\left(2\right)\):
\(n_{KOH}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=2.0,02=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KOH}=0,04.56=2,24\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd KOH}=\dfrac{2,24}{5,6}.100=40\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd KOH}=\dfrac{40}{1.045}=38,3\left(ml\right)\)
Câu 7 :
\(n_{H2SO4}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(n_{NaOH}=2n_{H2SO4}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)=200\left(ml\right)\)
Câu 8 :
\(n_{H2SO4}=0,5.0,7=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{KOH}=2n_{H2SO4}=2.0,35=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,7.56}{12\%}.100\%=326,67\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{326,67}{1,15}=284,06\left(ml\right)\)
Câu 12 :
a) \(2Cu+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2CuO\)
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
\(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(CuSO_4+Fe\rightarrow FeSO_4+Cu\downarrow\)
b) \(MgSO_4+2KOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+K_2SO_4\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
\(MgCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\)
\(Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow MgCO_3+2NaNO_3\)
\(MgCO_3\xrightarrow[]{t^o}MgO+CO_2\)
c) \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
\(NaOH=HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
\(2NaCl+2H_2O\xrightarrow[cmn]{đpdd}2NaOH+H_2+Cl_2\)
\(Cl_2+H_2\xrightarrow[]{as}2HCl\)
\(HCl+Fe\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
\(Fe\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+2H_2O\)
\(FeSO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow FeCl_2+BaSO_4\)
\(FeCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\)
\(Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+Mg\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+Fe\)
e) \(4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6KOH\rightarrow2Al\left(OH\right)_3+3K_2SO_4\)
\(Al\left(OH\right)_3+3HNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(Al\left(NO_3\right)_2+Mg\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+Âl\)
\(2Al+3Cl_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2AlCl_3\)
Bạn xem đề chỗ AlCl3 ra Al2(SO4)3 nhé
b,\(n_{HCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,4
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\)
c,\(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{16,2}{81}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: ZnO + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,2
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(l\right)\)
d,\(n_{H_2SO_4}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: H2SO4 + 2KOH → K2SO4 + 2H2O
Mol: 0,2 0,4
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,4}{1}=0,4\left(l\right)\)
$2KOH + H_2SO_4 \to K_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$
$n_{KOH} = 2n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,1.2 = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{KOH} = 0,2.56 = 11,2(gam)$
$m_{dd\ KOH} = \dfrac{11,2}{5,6\%} = 200(gam)$
$V_{dd\ KOH} = \dfrac{m}{D} = \dfrac{200}{1,045} = 191,4(ml)$