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Ta có S = \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{4}+\dfrac{3}{8}+\dfrac{4}{16}+...+\dfrac{10}{2^{10}}\)
= \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{2^2}+\dfrac{3}{2^3}+\dfrac{4}{2^4}+...+\dfrac{10}{2^{10}}\)
2S = 1 + \(\dfrac{2}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2^2}+\dfrac{4}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{10}{2^9}\)
2S - S = ( 1 + \(\dfrac{2}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2^2}+\dfrac{4}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{10}{2^9}\)) - ( \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{2^2}+\dfrac{3}{2^3}+\dfrac{4}{2^4}+...+\dfrac{10}{2^{10}}\))
S = 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^9}-\dfrac{10}{2^{10}}\)
Đặt A = 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^9}\)
2A = 2 + 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^8}\)
2A - A = ( 2 + 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^8}\)) - ( 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^9}\))
A = 2 - \(\dfrac{1}{2^9}\)
⇒ S = 2 - \(\dfrac{1}{2^9}\) - \(\dfrac{10}{2^{10}}\) = \(\dfrac{2^{11}}{2^{10}}-\dfrac{2}{2^{10}}-\dfrac{10}{2^{10}}=\dfrac{2^2\left(2^9-3\right)}{2^{10}}=\dfrac{2^9-3}{2^8}\)
Vậy S = \(\dfrac{2^9-3}{2^8}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{6.10}+\dfrac{1}{10.14}+...+\dfrac{1}{402.406}\\ 4B=\dfrac{4}{6.10}+\dfrac{4}{10.14}+...+\dfrac{4}{402.406}\\ 4B=\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{10}-\dfrac{1}{14}+...+\dfrac{1}{402}-\dfrac{1}{406}\\ 4B=\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{406}=\dfrac{100}{609}\\B=\dfrac{\dfrac{100}{609}}{4}=\dfrac{25}{609} \)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{10}-\dfrac{1}{14}+...+\dfrac{ 1}{402}-\dfrac{1}{406}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{406}=\dfrac{100}{609}.\)
S = 1/3 + 1/3^2 + 1/3^3 + 1/3^4 + ... + 1/3^99 + 1/3^100
3S = 1 +1/3 +1/3^2 +1/3^3 + ... + 1/3^98 +1/3^99
3S - S = ( 1 + 1/3 + 1/3^2 +1/^3 + ... + 1/3^98 +1/3^99 ) - ( 1/3 + 1/3^2 + 1/3^3 + 1/3^4 +... + 1/3^99 + 1/3^100 )
2S = 1 - 1/3^100
S = (1 - 1/3^100). 1/2
Giải:
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{n}{2^n}+...+\dfrac{2017}{2^{2017}}\)
Với \(n>2\) thì \(\dfrac{n}{2^n}=\dfrac{n+1}{2^{n-1}}-\dfrac{n+2}{2^n}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{n+1}{2^{n-1}}=\dfrac{n+1}{2^n:2}=\dfrac{2.\left(n+1\right)}{2^n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{n+1}{2^{n-1}}-\dfrac{n+2}{2^n}\)
\(=\dfrac{2.\left(n+1\right)}{2^n}-\dfrac{n+2}{2^n}\)
\(=\dfrac{2.\left(n+1\right)-n-2}{2^n}\)
\(=\dfrac{n}{2^n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S=\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{2+1}{2^{2-1}}-\dfrac{2+2}{2^2}\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{2016+1}{2^{2015}}-\dfrac{2018}{2^{2016}}\right)+\left(\dfrac{2017+1}{2^{2016}}-\dfrac{2019}{2^{2017}}\right)\)
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{2019}{2017}\)
\(S=2-\dfrac{2019}{2017}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S=2-\dfrac{2019}{2017}< 2\)
Hay \(S< 2\)
\(S=\dfrac{2}{2\cdot6}+\dfrac{2}{6\cdot10}+...+\dfrac{2}{96\cdot100}\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{4}{2\cdot6}+\dfrac{4}{6\cdot10}+...+\dfrac{4}{96\cdot100}\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{10}+...+\dfrac{1}{96}-\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{100}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{49}{100}\\ =\dfrac{49}{100}\)