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Bài 1:
a: \(A=x^2+2x+4\)
\(=x^2+2x+1+3\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2+3>=3\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x+1=0
=>x=-1
Vậy: \(A_{min}=3\) khi x=-1
b: \(B=x^2-20x+101\)
\(=x^2-20x+100+1\)
\(=\left(x-10\right)^2+1>=1\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-10=0
=>x=10
Vậy: \(B_{min}=1\) khi x=10
c: \(C=x^2-2x+y^2+4y+8\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2+4y+4+3\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+3>=3\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và y+2=0
=>x=1 và y=-2
Vậy: \(C_{min}=3\) khi (x,y)=(1;-2)
Bài 2:
a: \(A=5-8x-x^2\)
\(=-\left(x^2+8x\right)+5\)
\(=-\left(x^2+8x+16-16\right)+5\)
\(=-\left(x+4\right)^2+16+5=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21< =21\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x+4=0
=>x=-4
b: \(B=x-x^2\)
\(=-\left(x^2-x\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}< =\dfrac{1}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\)
=>\(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c: \(C=4x-x^2+3\)
\(=-x^2+4x-4+7\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+7\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2+7< =7\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-2=0
=>x=2
d: \(D=-x^2+6x-11\)
\(=-\left(x^2-6x+11\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-6x+9+2\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-3\right)^2-2< =-2\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-3=0
=>x=3
\(x^2+2xy+6x+6y+2y^2+8=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2+6\left(x+y\right)+y^2=-8\)
Ta có \(y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2+6\left(x+y\right)\le-8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2+6\left(x+y\right)+9\le1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)^2\le1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left|x+y+3\right|\le1\\ \Leftrightarrow-1\le x+y+3\le1\\ \Leftrightarrow2012\le B\le2014\)
\(B_{min}=2012\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+2016=2012\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(B_{max}=2014\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+2016=2014\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 5:
a/A = x2 - 6x + 10 = x2 - 6x + 9 + 1 = ( x - 3 )2 +1
Vì ( x - 3 )2 \(\ge\)0 nên ( x - 3 )2 + 1 \(\ge\)1
Giá trị nhỏ nhất của A là 1
b/ B = x ( x + 6 ) = x2 + 6x + 9 - 9 = ( x + 3 )2 - 9
Vì ( x + 3 )\(\ge\)0 nên ( x + 3 ) - 9\(\ge\)- 9
Giá trị nhỏ nhất của B là - 9
5 - A\(=x^2-6x+10\)
A\(=x^2-3x-3x+9+1\)
A\(=x\left(x-3\right)-3\left(x-3\right)+1\)
A\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-3\right)+1\)
A\(=\left(x-3\right)^2+1\)
Vì \(^{\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\forall x}\)
\(\rightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x\)
Hay A\(\ge1\forall x\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow x-3=0\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
B\(=x\left(x+6\right)\)
B\(=x^2+6x\)
B\(=x\left(x+3\right)+3\left(x+3\right)-9\)
B\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(x+3\right)-9\)
B\(=\left(x+3\right)^2-9\)
Vì\(\left(x+3\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\rightarrow\left(x+3\right)^2-9\ge-9\forall x\)
Hay B\(\ge-9\forall x\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x+3=0\Leftrightarrow x=-3\)
1) \(M=9x^2-6x+6=\left(9x^2-6x+1\right)+5=\left(3x-1\right)^2+5\ge5\)
\(minM=5\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
2) \(M=5-2x-x^2=-\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+6=-\left(x+1\right)^2+6\le6\)
\(maxM=6\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
3) \(N=5+6x-9x^2=-\left(9x^2-6x+1\right)+6=-\left(3x-1\right)^2+6\le6\)
\(maxN=6\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
x^2 -6x +10 = x^2 -2.x.3 +3^2 +1 = (x-3)^2 +1
Ma (x-3)^2 >=0 <=> (x-3)^2 +1 >=1>0 (voi moi x)
b) 4x - x^2 -5 = -(x^2 -4x +5) =-[(x^2 -4x +4)+1] = -[(x-2)^2 +1]
Ma (x+2)^2 >=0 <=> (x-2)^2 +1 >=1 <=> -[(x-2)^2 +1] <=-1 => -[(x-2)^2 +1] <0
2) a) P= x^2 -2x +5 = x^2 -2x +1 +4 = (x-1)^2 +4
Ta co: (x-1)^2 >=0 <=> (x-1)^2 +4 >=4
Vay gia tri nho nhat P=4 khi x=1
b) Q= 2x^2 -6x = 2(x^2 -3x) = 2(x^2 - 2.x.3/2 + 9/4 -9/4)= 2[(x-3/2)^2 -9/4]
Ta co: (x-3/2)^2 >=0 <=>(x-3/2)^2 -9/4 >= -9/4 <=> 2[(x-3/2)^2 -9/4] >= -9/2
Vay gia tri nho nhat Q= -9/2 khi x= 3/2
c) M= x^2 +y^2 -x +6y +10 = (x^2 -2.x.1/2 + 1/4) +(y^2 +2.y.3+9)+3/4
= ( x-1/2)^2 + (y+3)^2 +3/4
M>= 3/4
Vay GTNN cua M = 3/4 khi x=1/2 va y=-3
3)a) A= 4x - x^2 +3 = -(x^2 -4x -3) = -( x^2 -4x+4 -7) =-[(x-2)^2 -7]
Ta co: (x-2)^2>=0 <=> (x-2)^2 -7 >=-7 <=> -[(x-2)^2 -7] <=7
Vay GTLN A=7 khi x=2
b) B= x-x^2 = -(x^2 -2.x.1/2+1/4-1/4) = -[(x-1/2)^2 -1/4]
GTLN B= 1/4 khi x=1/2
c) N= 2x - 2x^2 -5 =-2( x^2 -x+5/2) = -2(x^2 - 2.x.1/2 +1/4 +9/4)
= -2[(x-1/2)^2 +9/4]
GTLN N= -9/2 khi x=1/2
`Answer:`
\(P=8x^2+3y^2-8xy-6y+21\)
\(=\left(8x^2-8xy+2y^2\right)+y^2-6y+9+12\)
\(=2.\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)+\left(y-3\right)^2+12\)
\(=2.\left(2x-y\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+12\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge2.0+0+12=12\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{3}{2}\\y=3\end{cases}}\)
