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Giải:
a) \(\dfrac{-5}{8}=\dfrac{x}{16}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{16.-5}{8}=-10\)
\(\dfrac{3x}{9}=\dfrac{2}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow3x=\dfrac{2.9}{6}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow x=1\)
b) \(\dfrac{x+3}{15}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+3=\dfrac{1.15}{3}=5\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2\)
\(\dfrac{6}{2x+1}=\dfrac{2}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+1=\dfrac{6.7}{2}=21\)
\(\Rightarrow x=10\)
c) \(\dfrac{4}{x-6}=\dfrac{y}{24}=\dfrac{-12}{18}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4}{x-6}=\dfrac{-12}{18}\)
\(\Rightarrow x-6=\dfrac{18.4}{-12}=-6\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{24}=\dfrac{-12}{18}\)
\(\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{-12.24}{18}=-16\)
\(\dfrac{3-x}{-12}=\dfrac{16}{y+1}=\dfrac{192}{-72}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3-x}{-12}=\dfrac{192}{-72}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-x=\dfrac{192.-12}{-72}=32\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-29\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{16}{y+1}=\dfrac{192}{-72}\)
\(\Rightarrow y+1=\dfrac{16.-72}{192}=-6\)
d) \(\dfrac{-2}{3}< \dfrac{x}{5}< \dfrac{-1}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-20}{30}< \dfrac{6x}{30}< \dfrac{-5}{30}\)
\(\Rightarrow6x\in\left\{-18;-12;-6\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-3;-2;-1\right\}\)
\(\dfrac{-1}{5}\le\dfrac{x}{8}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-8}{40}\le\dfrac{5x}{40}\le\dfrac{10}{40}\)
\(\Rightarrow5x\in\left\{-5;0;5;10\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-1;0;1;2\right\}\)
e) \(\dfrac{x+46}{20}=x\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+46}{20}=x+\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+46}{20}=\dfrac{5x+2}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow5.\left(x+46\right)=20.\left(5x+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow5x+230=100x+40\)
\(\Rightarrow5x-100x=40-230\)
\(\Rightarrow-95x=-190\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-190:-95\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2\)
\(y\dfrac{5}{y}=\dfrac{86}{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow y+\dfrac{5}{y}=\dfrac{86}{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y^2+5}{y}=\dfrac{86}{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow y^2+5=86\)
\(\Rightarrow y^2=86-5\)
\(\Rightarrow y^2=81\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=9\\y=-9\end{matrix}\right.\)
Chúc bạn học tốt!
Bài 2:
Ta có: (x-3)(x+4)>0
=>x>3 hoặc x<-4
Bài 3:
a: \(5S=5-5^2+...+5^{99}-5^{100}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6S=1-5^{100}\)
hay \(S=\dfrac{1-5^{100}}{6}\)
\(\frac{x}{3}-\frac{4}{y}=\frac{1}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{4}{y}=\frac{x}{3}-\frac{1}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{4}{y}=\frac{5x-3}{15}\)
\(\Rightarrow4.15=y\left(5x-3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow y\left(5x-3\right)=60\)
Ta có : 60 = 1.60 = 60.1 = 2.30= 30.2 = 5.12 = 12.5 = 6.10 = 10.6 = 3. 20 = 20.3
Vì 5x-3 là số lẻ => 5x - 3 \(\in\){1; -1; 5; -5; 3; -3}
Lập bảng :
| y | 60 | -60 | 12 | -12 | 20 | -20 |
| 5x - 3 | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3 |
| x | 4/5 | 2/5 | 8/5 | -2/5 | 6/5 | 0 |
Vì x và y là số nguyên nên ta có x = 0 , y = -20
a) Ta có: (x-3)(y+2)=5
nên (x-3) và (y+2) là ước của 5
\(\Leftrightarrow x-3;y+2\in\left\{1;-5;-1;5\right\}\)
Trường hợp 1:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=1\\y+2=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trường hợp 2:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=5\\y+2=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=8\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trường hợp 3:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=-1\\y+2=-5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trường hợp 4:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=-5\\y+2=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(4;3\right);\left(8;-1\right);\left(2;-7\right);\left(-2;-3\right)\right\}\)
b) Ta có: (x-2)(y+1)=5
nên x-2 và y+1 là các ước của 5
\(\Leftrightarrow x-2;y+1\in\left\{1;-1;5;-5\right\}\)
Trường hợp 1:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=1\\y+1=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trường hợp 2:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=5\\y+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=7\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trường hợp 3:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=-1\\y+1=-5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trường hợp 4:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=-5\\y+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(3;4\right);\left(7;0\right);\left(1;-6\right);\left(-3;-2\right)\right\}\)
