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b) a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc
= ( a + b)3 - 3ab - 3ba + c - 3abc
= (a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3) + c3 - (3a2b + 3ab2 + 3ab)
= (a + b)3 + c2 - 3ab(a + b + c)
= (a + b + c) [ (a + b)2 - ( a + b )c + c^2 ] - 3ab(a + b + c)
= ( a + b + c ) ( a2 + b2 + 2ab - ac - bc + c2 -3ab )
= ( a + b + c ) ( a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - ac - bc
a) \(4x^2-1=\left(2x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)\)
b) \(\left(x+2\right)^2-9=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+5\right)\)
c) \(\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a-2b\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a+b-a+2b\right)\left(a+b+a-2b\right)\)
\(=3b\left(2a-b\right)\)
`a, 4x^2-1 = (2x+1)(2x-1)`
`b, (x+2)^2-9 = (x+2-3)(x+2+3) = (x-1)(x+5)`
`c, (a+b)^2-(a-2b)^2 = (a+b+a-2b)(a+b-a+2b) = (2a-b)(3b)`
a) \(A=a^3-b^3-c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^3+3ab\left(a-b\right)-c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a-b-c\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+c\left(a-b\right)+c^2\right]+3ab\left(a-b-c\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a^2-2ab+b^2+ac-bc+c^2+3ab\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+ac-bc\right)\)
b) \(B=a^2b^2\left(a-b\right)-c^2b^2\left(c-b\right)+a^2c^2\left(c-a\right)\)
\(=a^2b^2\left(a-b\right)+c^2b^2\left(b-c\right)+a^2c^2\left(c-a\right)\)
\(=a^2b^2\left(a-b\right)+c^2b^2\left(b-c\right)-a^2c^2\left[\left(a-b\right)+\left(b-c\right)\right]\)
\(=a^2b^2\left(a-b\right)+c^2b^2\left(b-c\right)-a^2c^2\left(a-b\right)-a^2c^2\left(b-c\right)\)
\(=a^2\left(a-b\right)\left(b^2-c^2\right)+c^2\left(b-c\right)\left(b^2-a^2\right)\)
\(=a^2\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)+c^2\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a^2b+a^2c-bc^2-ac^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)ac-abc\)
\(=\left(ab+b^2+bc\right)\left(a+c\right)+\left(a+c\right)ac+abc-abc\)
\(=\left(a+c\right)\left(ab+b^2+bc+ac\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)ac-abc\)
\(=\left(ab+b^2+bc\right)\left(a+c\right)+\left(a+c\right)ac+abc-abc\)
\(=\left(a+c\right)\left(ab+b^2+bc+ac\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
1.
\(2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2-a^4-b^4-c^4>0\\ \Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4-2a^2b^2-2b^2c^2-2c^2a^2< 0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2-2b^2c^2-2c^2a^2\right)-4a^2b^2< 0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2-c^2\right)^2-4a^2b^2< 0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2-c^2-2ab\right)\left(a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab\right)< 0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[\left(a-b\right)^2-c^2\right]\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2\right]< 0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b+c\right)\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)< 0\left(1\right)\)
Vì a,b,c là độ dài 3 cạnh của 1 tg nên \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+c>b\\a-b< c\\a+b>c\\a+b+c>0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b+c>0\\a-b-c< 0\\a+b-c>0\\a+b+c>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do đó \(\left(1\right)\) luôn đúng (do 3 dương nhân 1 âm ra âm)
Từ đó ta được đpcm
\(a\left(b-c\right)^2+b\left(c-a\right)^2+c\left(a-b\right)^2-a^3-b^3-c^3+4abc\)
\(=a\left(b-c\right)^2-a^3+4abc+b\left(c-a\right)^2-b^3+c\left(a-b\right)^2-c^3\)
\(=a\left[\left(b-c\right)^2+4bc-a^2\right]+b\left[\left(c-a\right)^2-b^2\right]+c\left[\left(a-b\right)^2-c^2\right]\)
\(=a\left[\left(b+c\right)^2-a^2\right]+b\left[\left(c-a\right)^2-b^2\right]+c\left[\left(a-b\right)^2-c^2\right]\)
\(=a\left(b+c+a\right)\left(b+c-a\right)+b\left(c-a+b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)+c\left(a-b+c\right)\left(a-b-c\right)\)
\(=\left(b+c-a\right)\left[a\left(b+c+a\right)+b\left(c-a-b\right)\right]+c\left(a-b+c\right)\left(a-b-c\right)\)
\(=\left(b+c-a\right)\left[ab+ac+a^2+bc-ab-b^2\right]+c\left(a-b+c\right)\left(a-b-c\right)\)
\(=\left(b+c-a\right)\left[c\left(a+b\right)+\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\right]+c\left(a-b+c\right)\left(a-b-c\right)\)
\(=\left(b+c-a\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b+c\right)+c\left(a-b+c\right)\left(a-b-c\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b+c\right)\left[b^2-\left(a-c\right)^2\right]\)
\(=\left(a-b+c\right)\left(b+a-c\right)\left(b-a+c\right)\)
