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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\a, Đặt:n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+65b=14,9\\a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow KQ.âm\)
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Fe+2HCl->FeCl2+H2
x-------------------------x mol
Zn+2HCl->ZnCl2+H2
y-------------------------y mol
=>Ta có hệ :\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+65y=14,9\\x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>%m Fe=\(\dfrac{0,15.56}{14,9}.100=56,375\%\)
=>VHCl=\(\dfrac{0,15.2+0,1.2}{2}=0,25l=250ml\)
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=56a+24b=10.16\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5.6}{22.4}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=a+b=0.25\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.13,b=0.12\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.13\cdot56=7.28\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.12\cdot24=2.88\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=2\cdot n_{H_2}=2\cdot0.25=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.5}{0.5}=1\left(M\right)\)
Đáp án A
Giả sử chỉ có Zn ⇒ nZn = 0,09 mol ⇒ nHCl = 0,18 ⇒ V = 180 ml
Nếu chỉ có Mg ⇒ nMg = 0,24 mol ⇒ nHCl = 0,48 ⇒ V = 480 ml
⇒ 180 ml < VHCl < 480 ml
Chọn đáp án B
n H 2 = 6 , 72 22 , 4 = 0,3 (mol)
=> n H C l = 2 n H 2 = 0,6 (mol)
Bảo toàn khối lượng: 16,1 + 0,6.36,5 = m + 0,3.2 => m = 37,40 gam
a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow24a+27b=5,1\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=0,5\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%\approx47,06\%\\\%m_{Al}=52,94\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=250\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{250}{1,2}\approx208,33\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+24y=12,5\\x+y=0,35\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=6,5\left(g\right);m_{Mg}=6\left(g\right)\\ b.Tacó:BTNT\left(H\right):n_{HCl}.1>n_{H_2}.2\\ \Rightarrow HCldưsauphảnứng\\ Dungdịchsauphảnứnggồm:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ZnCl_2:0,1\left(mol\right)\\MgCl_2:0,25\left(mol\right)\\HCl_{dư}:0,8-0,7=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ m_{ddsaupu}=200+12,5-0,35.2=212,8\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.136}{212,8}.100=6,39\%;C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.95}{212,8}.100=11,16\%;C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{212,8}.100=1,72\%\)
Mg+2HCl->MgCl2+H2
x------------------------x
Zn+2HCl->ZnCl2+H2
y-----------------------y
=>Ta có :\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+65y=15,4\\x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1mol\\y=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>m Mg=0,1.24=2,4g
=>m Zn=0,2.65=13g
b)VHCl=\(\dfrac{0,1.2+0,2.2}{2}\)=0,3l=300ml
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