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Cộng vế với vế:
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=2ax+2by+2cz\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z-2x=2ax+2by+2cx-2\left(by+cz\right)=2ax\)
\(\Rightarrow2ax=y+z-x\)
\(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{y+z-x}{2x}\Rightarrow1+a=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2x}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(1+b=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2y}\) ; \(1+c=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+a}+\dfrac{1}{1+b}+\dfrac{1}{1+c}=\dfrac{2x+2y+2z}{x+y+z}=2\)
Giả sử điều cần c/m là đúng . Khi đó , ta có :
\(\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2a^2+y^2a^2+z^2a^2+x^2b^2+y^2b^2+z^2b^2+x^2c^2+y^2c^2+z^2c^2\)
\(=x^2a^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2axby+2bycz+2axcz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2a^2+z^2a^2+x^2b^2+z^2b^2+x^2c^2+y^2c^2=2axby+2bycz+2axcz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2a^2+z^2a^2+x^2b^2+z^2b^2+x^2c^2+y^2c^2-2axby-2bycz-2axcz=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(y^2a^2-2axby+b^2x^2\right)+\left(b^2z^2-2bycz+c^2y^2\right)+\left(x^2c^2-2axcz+a^2z^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(cx-az\right)^2=0\left(1\right)\)
Do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0\\\left(bz-cy\right)^2\ge0\\\left(cx-az\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(cx-az\right)^2\ge0\left(2\right)\)
Từ ( 1 ) ; ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay-bx=0\\bz-cy=0\\cx-az=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay=bx\\bz=cy\\cx=az\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\\\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\\\dfrac{c}{z}=\dfrac{a}{x}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\)
Điều này đúng với GT đề bài cho
\(\Rightarrow\) Điều cần c/m là đúng
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
hơi dài bạn ạ bđt trên đúng theo bunhia vì dấu "=" đúng với điều kiện rồi
Đặt \(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}=\frac{1}{k}\Rightarrow x=ak;y=bk;y=ck\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}=\frac{a^2k^2+b^2k^2+c^2k^2}{\left(a^2k+b^2k+c^2k\right)^2}=\frac{k^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{k^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Mạo phép sửa đề!CMR: \(\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}=\frac{3}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{ax}=\frac{y^2}{by}=\frac{z^2}{cz}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{ax+by+cz}\) (t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{\left(ax\right)^2}=\frac{y^2}{\left(by\right)^2}=\frac{z^2}{\left(cz\right)^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}\) (1)
Lại có: \(\frac{x^2}{\left(ax\right)^2}=\frac{y^2}{\left(by\right)^2}=\frac{z^2}{\left(cz\right)^2}=\) \(\frac{x^2}{a^2x^2}=\frac{y^2}{b^2y^2}=\frac{z^2}{c^2z^2}=\frac{1}{a^2}=\frac{1}{b^2}=\frac{1}{c^2}=\frac{3}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki , ta có :
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\) ≥ \(\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
\("="\) ⇔ \(\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\)
Vậy , \(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\)\(\left(ax+by\right)^2\) thì \(\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\)
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2+c^2z^2\)
\(=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2axby+2bycz+2axcz\)
Trừ cả 2 vế cho \(a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2\), ta có:
\(a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2=2axby+2bycz+2axcz\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2-2axby-2bycz-2axcz=0\)
\(\left(a^2y^2+b^2x^2-2axby\right)+\left(a^2z^2+c^2z^2-2axcz\right)+\left(b^2z^2+c^2y^2-2bycz\right)=0\)
\(\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2=0\)
Mà \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0\\\left(az-cx\right)^2\ge0\\\left(bz-cy\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay-bx=0\\az-cx=0\\bz-cy=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay=bx\\az=cx\\bz=cy\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\)
=> đpcm
Đặt x/a=y/b=z/c=k
=>x=ak; y=bk; z=ck
\(\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}=\dfrac{a^2k^2+b^2k^2+c^2k^2}{\left(a\cdot ak+b\cdot bk+c\cdot ck\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{k^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{k^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
