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A=\((1+2)+\left(2^2+2^3\right)+...+\left(2^{19}+2^{20}\right)\)
A=\(3.1+2^2\left(1+2\right)+...+2^{19}\left(1+2\right)\)
A=\(3.1+3.2^2+...+3.2^{19}\)
A=\(3\left(1+2^2+...+2^{19}\right)\)\(⋮3\)
Vậy A\(⋮3\)
A=(1+2)+(22+23)+...+(219+220)(1+2)+(22+23)+...+(219+220)
A=3.1+22(1+2)+...+219(1+2)3.1+22(1+2)+...+219(1+2)
A=3.1+3.22+...+3.2193.1+3.22+...+3.219
A=3(1+22+...+219)3(1+22+...+219)⋮3⋮3
NÊN A⋮3
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
S=1/2+1/2^2+1/2^3+...+1/2^20
2S=1+1/2+1/2^2+....+1/2^19
=>2S-S=(1+1/2+1/2^2+...+1/2^19)-(1/2+1/2^2+1/2^3+...+1/2^20)
S=1-1/2^20<1
=>S<1
Vậy S<1
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 1
a, cm : A = 165 + 215 ⋮ 3
A = 165 + 215
A = (24)5 + 215
A = 220 + 215
A = 215.(25 + 1)
A = 215. 33 ⋮ 3 (đpcm)
b,cm : B = 88 + 220 ⋮ 17
B = (23)8 + 220
B = 216 + 220
B = 216.(1 + 24)
B = 216. 17 ⋮ 17 (đpcm)
c, cm: C = 1 - 2 + 22 - 23 + 24 - 25 + 26 -...-22021 + 22022 : 6 dư 1
C=1+(-2+22-23+24- 25+26)+...+(-22017+22018-22019+22020-22021+22022)
C = 1 + 42 +...+ 22016.(-2 + 22 - 23 + 24 - 25 + 26)
C = 1 + 42+...+ 22016.42
C = 1 + 42.(20+...+22016)
42 ⋮ 6 ⇒ C = 1 + 42.(20+...+22016) : 6 dư 1 đpcm
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{20}}\\ 2S=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{19}}\\ 2S-S=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{19}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{20}}\right)\\ S=1-\dfrac{1}{2^{20}}\\ =>S< 1\\ \)
vậy S bé hơn 1
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Giải
Đặt A=1/21+1/22+1/23+1/24+...+1/80
Ta có:
A=(1/21+1/22+...+1/40)+(1/41+...+1/80)
→A>(1/40+1/40+...+1/40)+(1/80+..+1/80)
→A>20/40+40/80
→A>1/2+1/2
→A>1 (1)
Lại có:
A=(1/21+1/22+...+1/40)+(1/41+...+1/80)
→A<(1/20+1/20+...+1/20)+(1/40+...+1/40)
→A<20/20+40/40
→A<2 (2)
Từ (1),(2)→1<A<2
→A không là số tự nhiên
Đặt A=1/21+1/22+1/23+1/24+...+1/80
Ta có:
A=(1/21+1/22+...+1/40)+(1/41+...+1/80)
→A>(1/40+1/40+...+1/40)+(1/80+..+1/80)
→A>20/40+40/80
→A>1/2+1/2
→A>1 (1)
Lại có:
A=(1/21+1/22+...+1/40)+(1/41+...+1/80)
→A<(1/20+1/20+...+1/20)+(1/40+...+1/40)
→A<20/20+40/40
→A<2 (2)
Từ (1),(2)→1<A<2
→A không là số tự nhiên
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a: \(G=8^8+2^{20}\)
\(=2^{24}+2^{20}\)
\(=2^{20}\left(2^4+1\right)=2^{20}\cdot17⋮17\)
b: Sửa đề: \(H=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{60}\)
\(=2\left(1+2\right)+2^3\left(1+2\right)+...+2^{59}\left(1+2\right)\)
\(=3\left(2+2^3+...+2^{59}\right)⋮3\)
\(H=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{60}\)
\(=2\left(1+2+2^2\right)+2^4\left(1+2+2^2\right)+...+2^{58}\left(1+2+2^2\right)\)
\(=7\left(2+2^4+...+2^{58}\right)⋮7\)
\(H=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{60}\)
\(=\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)+...+\left(2^{57}+2^{58}+2^{59}+2^{60}\right)\)
\(=2\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)+...+2^{57}\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)\)
\(=15\left(2+2^5+...+2^{57}\right)⋮15\)
c: \(E=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+3^3\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^{1989}\left(1+3+3^2\right)\)
\(=13\left(1+3^3+...+3^{1989}\right)⋮13\)
\(E=1+3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{1991}\)
\(=\left(1+3+3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5\right)+\left(3^6+3^7+3^8+3^9+3^{10}+3^{11}\right)+...+3^{1986}+3^{1987}+3^{1988}+3^{1989}+3^{1990}+3^{1991}\)
\(=364\left(1+3^6+...+3^{1986}\right)⋮14\)
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a) P = 1 + 3 + 3² + ... + 3¹⁰¹
= (1 + 3 + 3²) + (3³ + 3⁴ + 3⁵) + ... + (3⁹⁹ + 3¹⁰⁰ + 3¹⁰¹)
= 13 + 3³.(1 + 3 + 3²) + ... + 3⁹⁹.(1 + 3 + 3²)
= 13 + 3³.13 + ... + 3⁹⁹.13
= 13.(1 + 3³ + ... + 3⁹⁹) ⋮ 13
Vậy P ⋮ 13
b) B = 1 + 2² + 2⁴ + ... + 2²⁰²⁰
= (1 + 2² + 2⁴) + (2⁶ + 2⁸ + 2¹⁰) + ... + (2²⁰¹⁶ + 2²⁰¹⁸ + 2²⁰²⁰)
= 21 + 2⁶.(1 + 2² + 2⁴) + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶.(1 + 2² + 2⁴)
= 21 + 2⁶.21 + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶.21
= 21.(1 + 2⁶ + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶) ⋮ 21
Vậy B ⋮ 21
c) A = 2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2²⁰
= (2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + (2⁵ + 2⁶ + 2⁷ + 2⁸) + ... + (2¹⁷ + 2¹⁸ + 2¹⁹ + 2²⁰)
= 30 + 2⁴.(2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + ... + 2¹⁶.(2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴)
= 30 + 2⁴.30 + ... + 2¹⁶.30
= 30.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2¹⁶)
= 5.6.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2¹⁶) ⋮ 5
Vậy A ⋮ 5
d) A = 1 + 4 + 4² + ... + 4⁹⁸
= (1 + 4 + 4²) + (4³ + 4⁴ + 4⁵) + ... + (4⁹⁷ + 4⁹⁸ + 4⁹⁹)
= 21 + 4³.(1 + 4 + 4²) + ... + 4⁹⁷.(1 + 4 + 4²)
= 21 + 4³.21 + ... + 4⁹⁷.21
= 21.(1 + 4³ + ... + 4⁹⁷) ⋮ 21
Vậy A ⋮ 21
e) A = 11⁹ + 11⁸ + 11⁷ + ... + 11 + 1
= (11⁹ + 11⁸ + 11⁷ + 11⁶ + 11⁵) + (11⁴ + 11³ + 11² + 11 + 1)
= 11⁵.(11⁴ + 11³ + 11² + 11 + 1) + 16105
= 11⁵.16105 + 16105
= 16105.(11⁵ + 1)
= 5.3221.(11⁵ + 1) ⋮ 5
Vậy A ⋮ 5
S=1/2+1/2^2+1/2^3+...+1/2^20
2S=1+1/2+1/2^2+....+1/2^19
=>2S-S=(1+1/2+1/2^2+...+1/2^19)-(1/2+1/2^2+1/2^3+...+1/2^20)
S=1-1/2^20<1
=>S<1
Vậy S<1