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\(P=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{2023}{xy+yz+zx}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy+yz+zx}+\dfrac{1}{xy+yz+zx}+\dfrac{2021}{xy+yz+zx}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{9}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}+\dfrac{2021}{\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}\)\(=9+\dfrac{2021}{\dfrac{1}{3}}=6072\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Ta có:
+) \(xy+yz+zx\le\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\left(\text{Cô si}\right)\)
+) \(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy+yz+zx}+\dfrac{1}{xy+yz+zx}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{9}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\dfrac{9}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\left(\text{Svácxơ}\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{2x^2}{2x+2yz}+\dfrac{2y^2}{2y+2zx}+\dfrac{2z^2}{2z+2xy}+\dfrac{9}{8\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}\)
\(A\ge\dfrac{2x^2}{x^2+1+y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{2y^2}{y^2+1+z^2+x^2}+\dfrac{2z^2}{z^2+1+x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{9}{8\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}\)
\(A\ge\dfrac{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{x^2+y^2+z^2+1}+\dfrac{9}{8\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}\)
Đặt \(x^2+y^2+z^2=a>0\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+1}+\dfrac{9}{8a}=\dfrac{2a}{a+1}+\dfrac{9}{8a}-\dfrac{15}{8}+\dfrac{15}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{\left(a-3\right)^2}{8a\left(a+1\right)}+\dfrac{15}{8}\ge\dfrac{15}{8}\)
\(A_{min}=\dfrac{15}{8}\) khi \(a=3\) hay \(x=y=z=1\)
Cho x, y, z > 0 và x+y+z=1.
CMR : \(\dfrac{1-x^2}{x+yz}+\dfrac{1-y^2}{y+zx}+\dfrac{1-z^2}{z+xy}\ge6\)
Ta thấy
72
=
2
3
.
3
2
72=2
3
.3
2
nên a, b có dạng
{
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=
2
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3
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=
2
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.
3
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{
a=2
x
3
y
b=2
z
.3
t
với
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,
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,
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,
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∈
N
x,y,z,t∈N và
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{
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,
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=
3
;
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{
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,
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max{x,z}=3;max{y,t}=2.
Theo đề bài, ta có
2
�
.
3
�
+
2
�
.
3
�
=
42
2
x
.3
y
+2
z
.3
t
=42
⇔
2
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−
1
.
3
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−
1
+
2
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−
1
3
�
−
1
=
7
⇔2
x−1
.3
y−1
+2
z−1
3
t−1
=7 (*), do đó
�
,
�
,
�
,
�
≥
1
x,y,z,t≥1
TH1:
�
≥
�
,
�
≤
�
x≥z,y≤t. Khi đó
�
=
3
,
�
=
2
x=3,t=2. (*) thành:
4.
3
�
−
1
+
3.
2
�
−
1
=
7
4.3
y−1
+3.2
z−1
=7
⇔
�
=
�
=
1
⇔y=z=1
Vậy
{
�
=
24
�
=
18
{
a=24
b=18
(nhận)
TH2: KMTQ thì giả sử
�
≥
�
,
�
≥
�
x≥z,y≥t. Khi đó
�
=
3
,
�
=
2
x=3,z=2. (*) thành
4.
3
�
−
1
+
2.
3
�
−
1
=
7
4.3
y−1
+2.3
t−1
=7, điều này là vô lí.
Vậy
(
�
,
�
)
=
(
24
,
18
)
(a,b)=(24,18) hay
(
18
,
24
)
(18,24) là cặp số duy nhất thỏa yêu cầu bài toán.
Có \(VT=\dfrac{x^2}{x^3-xyz+2013x}+\dfrac{y^2}{y^3-xyz+2013y}+\dfrac{z^2}{z^3-xyz+2013z}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+2013\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)\left[x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\right]+2013\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
(vì \(2013=3.671=3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\))
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^2-yz+2013}=\dfrac{1}{y^2-zx+2013}=\dfrac{1}{z^2-xy+2013}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-yz=y^2-zx=z^2-xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\) (với \(x,y,z>0\))
Vậy ta có đpcm.
\(P=\dfrac{6}{2xy+2yz+2zx}+\dfrac{2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=8+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Dâu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
\(\dfrac{xy^2}{y^2+2}=\dfrac{xy^2}{\dfrac{y^2}{2}+\dfrac{y^2}{2}+2}\le\dfrac{xy^2}{3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^4}{2}}}=\dfrac{1}{3}x\sqrt[3]{2y^2}\le\dfrac{1}{9}x\left(2+y+y\right)=\dfrac{2}{9}\left(x+xy\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{yz^2}{z^2+2}\le\dfrac{2}{9}\left(y+yz\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{zx^2}{x^2+2}\le\dfrac{2}{9}\left(z+zx\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{2}{9}\left(x+y+z+xy+yz+zx\right)\le\dfrac{2}{9}\left(x+y+z+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\right)=4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=2\)