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a) Ta có:
\(\left. \begin{array}{l}{u_1} + {u_n} = {u_1} + {u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d = 2{u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d\\{u_2} + {u_{n - 1}} = {u_1} + d + \left( {n - 2} \right)d = {u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d\\{u_n} + {u_1} = {u_1} + {u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d = 2{u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d\end{array} \right\} \Rightarrow {u_1} + {u_n} = {u_2} + {u_{n - 1}} = ... = {u_n} + {u_1}\)
b) Dựa vào công thức vừa chứng minh ta có: \(n\left( {{u_1} + {u_n}} \right)\) = \(2{S_n}\)
a) Ta có: \({u_2} = {u_1} + d\)
\({u_3} = {u_2} + d = {u_1} + 2d\)
\({u_4} = {u_3} + d = {u_1} + 3d\)
\({u_5} = {u_4} + d = {u_1} + 4d\)
b) Công thức tính số hạng tổng quát \({u_n}\):
\({u_n} = {u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d\).
\(Bài.1:\\ u_7=u_1+6d\\ \Leftrightarrow-10=2+6d\\ \Rightarrow6d=-10-2=-12\\ Vậy:d=\dfrac{-12}{6}=-2\\ Bài.2:S_{10}=10.u_1+\dfrac{10.\left(10-1\right)}{2}.d=10.1+\dfrac{10.9}{2}.2=100\\ Bài.3:S_{2019}=2019.u_1+\dfrac{2019.\left(2019-1\right)}{2}.d\\ =2019.3+\dfrac{2019.2018}{2}.2=2019.2021=4080399\)
Bài 4:
\(d=u_2=u_1=5-2=3\)
Bài 5:
\(u_n=u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\\ \Leftrightarrow2018=2+\left(n-1\right).9\\ \Leftrightarrow2+9n-9=2018\\ \Leftrightarrow9n=2018-2+9\\ \Leftrightarrow9n=2025\\ \Leftrightarrow n=\dfrac{2025}{9}=225\)
Vậy: 2018 là số hạng thứ 225 của dãy
Bài 6:
Đề chưa có yêu cầu
\(a,u_1+u_n=u_1+\left[u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]=u_1+u_1+\left(n-1\right)d=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\\ u_2+u_{n-1}=\left[u_1+d\right]+\left[u_1+\left(n-2\right)d\right]=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\\ ...\\ u_k+u_{n-k+1}=\left[u_1+\left(k-1\right)d\right]+\left[u_1+\left(n-k+1-1\right)d\right]=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\)
\(b,u_1+u_n=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\\ u_2+u_{n-1}=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\\ ...\\ u_n+u_1=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\)
Cộng vế với vế, ta được:
\(2\left(u_1+u_2+...+u_n\right)=n\left[2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(u_1+u_2+...+u_n\right)=n\left(u_1+u_n\right)\)
1: \(S_{99}=\dfrac{99\cdot\left[2\cdot6+98\cdot\left(-2\right)\right]}{2}=99\cdot\left(6-98\right)\)
=-9108
2: \(S_{100}=\dfrac{100\cdot\left(2\cdot\left(-2\right)+99\cdot4\right)}{2}=50\left(-4+99\cdot4\right)\)
=50*392
=19600
a) Ta có:
\(q.{S_n} = q.\left( {{u_1} + {u_2} + ... + {u_n}} \right) = {u_1}.q + {u_2}.q + ... + {u_n}.q = \left( {{u_2} + {u_3} + ... + {u_n}} \right) + q.{u_n}\)
b) Ta có:
\({u_1} + q.{S_n} = {u_1} + \left( {{u_2} + {u_3} + ... + {u_n}} \right) + q.{u_n} = \left( {{u_1} + {u_2} + {u_3} + ... + {u_n}} \right) + q.{u_n} = {S_n} + {u_1}.{q^n}\)
2:
a: \(u_1=\dfrac{2-1}{1+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(u_2=\dfrac{2\cdot2-1}{2+1}=1\)
\(u_3=\dfrac{2\cdot3-1}{3+1}=\dfrac{5}{4}\)
\(u_4=\dfrac{2\cdot4-1}{4+1}=\dfrac{7}{5}\)
b: Đặt \(\dfrac{2n-1}{n+1}=\dfrac{13}{7}\)
=>7(2n-1)=13(n+1)
=>14n-7=13n+13
=>n=20
=>13/7 là số hạng thứ 20 trong dãy
1:
a: u1=1^2-1=0
u2=2^2-1=3
u3=3^2-1=8
u4=4^2-1=15
b: 99=n^2-1
=>n^2=100
mà n>=0
nên n=10
=>99 là số thứ 10 trong dãy
1:
a:
u1=1^2+1=2
u2=2^2+1=5
u3=3^2+1=10
u4=4^2+1=17
b: Đặt 101=n^2+1
=>n^2=100
=>n=10
=>101 là số hạng thứ 10
2:
a: \(u1=\dfrac{1+1}{2-1}=2\)
\(u2=\dfrac{2+1}{2\cdot2-1}=\dfrac{3}{3}=1\)
\(u_3=\dfrac{3+1}{2\cdot3-1}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
\(u_4=\dfrac{4+1}{2\cdot4-1}=\dfrac{5}{7}\)
b: Đặt \(\dfrac{n+1}{2n-1}=\dfrac{31}{59}\)
=>59(n+1)=31(2n-1)
=>62n-31=59n+59
=>3n=90
=>n=30
=>31/59 là số hạng thứ 30 trong dãy
a, Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_2}\; + {\rm{ }}{u_5}\; = {\rm{ }}42\\{u_4}\; + {\rm{ }}{u_9}\; = {\rm{ }}66\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1} + d\; + {\rm{ }}{u_1} + 4d\; = {\rm{ }}42\\{u_1} + 3d\; + {\rm{ }}{u_1} + 8d\;\; = {\rm{ }}66\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}2{u_1} + 5d\;\; = {\rm{ }}42\\2{u_1} + 11d\;\;\; = {\rm{ }}66\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}\; = {\rm{ }}\frac{{99}}{7}\\d\;\;\; = {\rm{ }}\frac{{24}}{7}\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)
b, Ta có: '
\(\begin{array}{l}\left\{ \begin{array}{l}\;{u_2}\; + {\rm{ }}{u_4}\; = {\rm{ }}22\\{u_1}.{u_5}\; = {\rm{ }}21\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1} + d\; + {\rm{ }}{u_1} + 3d\; = {\rm{ 2}}2\\{u_1}.\left( {{u_1} + 4d\;} \right)\; = {\rm{ 21}}\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}2{u_1} + 4d\;\; = {\rm{ 2}}2\\{u_1}.\left( {{u_1} + 4d\;} \right)\; = {\rm{ 21}}\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}\; = {\rm{ }}11 - 2d\\\left( {11 - 2d} \right).\left( {11 - 2d + 4d\;} \right)\; = {\rm{ 21}}\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}\; = {\rm{ }}11 - 2d\\\left( {11 - 2d} \right).\left( {11 + 2d\;} \right)\; = {\rm{ 21}}\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}\; = {\rm{ }}11 - 2d\\{11^2} - {\left( {2d\;} \right)^2} = {\rm{ 21}}\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}\; = {\rm{ }}11 - 2d\\121 - 4{d^2} = {\rm{ 21}}\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}\; = {\rm{ }}11 - 2d\\d\; = \pm 5\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)
Với \(d = - 5 \Rightarrow {u_1} = 11 - 2.\left( { - 5} \right) = 21\)
Với \(d = 5 \Rightarrow {u_1} = 11 - 2.5 = 1\)
\(u_2-u_1=d\\ u_3-u_1=\left(u_2+d\right)-u_1=\left(u_2-u_1\right)+d=d+d=2d\\ ...\\ u_n-u_1=\left(n-1\right)d\)