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Với \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow P=2019\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(P=2019\) là GTNN của \(P\)
Thật vậy \(2018\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)+\frac{1}{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge2019\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2018\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}-1\right)+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}-1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2018\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}-\left(a+b+c\right)\right)+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2018\left(\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{b}+\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{c}+\frac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{a}\right)-\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2}{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge0\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ_{cyc}\left(\left(a-b\right)^2\left(\frac{2018}{b}-\frac{1}{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\right)\right)\ge0\) *Luôn đúng*
áp dụng bdt (a2+b2+c2)(x2+y2+z2)\(\ge\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\) dấu '=" khi \(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\)
(\(\left(\sqrt{2b+c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{2c+a}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{2a+b}\right)^2\)). P\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
<=> P\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{3}=\frac{2018}{3}\)=> P min= \(\frac{2018}{3}\)
P min khi \(\frac{a}{2b+c}=\frac{b}{2c+a}=\frac{c}{2b+a}\)<=> a=b=c= \(\frac{2018}{3}\)
1
a) Ta có \(\frac{b^2-c^2}{\left(a+b\right).\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b-a-c\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(a+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)-\left(b+c\right).\left(a+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{b+c}{a+c}-\frac{b+c}{a+b}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{c^2-a^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}=\frac{c+a}{b+a}-\frac{c+a}{b+c}\)
\(\frac{a^2-b^2}{\left(c+a\right).\left(c+b\right)}=\frac{a+b}{c+b}-\frac{a+b}{c+a}\)
Do đó \(\frac{b^2-c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{c^2-a^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}+\frac{a^2-b^2}{\left(c+a\right).\left(c+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{b+c}{a+c}-\frac{b+c}{a+b}+\frac{c+a}{b+a}-\frac{c+a}{b+c}+\frac{a+b}{c+b}-\frac{a+b}{c+a}\)
\(=\frac{b+c-a-b}{a+c}+\frac{a+b-c-a}{b+c}+\frac{c+a-b-c}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{c-a}{a+c}+\frac{b-c}{b+c}+\frac{a-b}{a+b}\)
18. Ta có : \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\Rightarrow\frac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\Rightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)
\(\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{xy}{ab}+\frac{yz}{bc}+\frac{xz}{ac}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2xyz\left(\frac{1}{abz}+\frac{1}{xbc}+\frac{1}{acy}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2xyz\left(\frac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{abcxyz}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)
19. Nhân cả hai vế của đẳng thức giả thiết với \(\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{a-b}\)được
\(\left(\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}+\frac{c}{a-b}\right)\left(\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{a-b}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{a+b}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{b+c}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{c+a}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}=0\)
Ta có ;
\(\frac{a+b}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{b+c}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{c+a}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(b-c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)\(=\frac{a^2-b^2+b^2-c^2+c^2-a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=0\)
