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\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,4
0,1 0,2
0 0,2 0,1 0,1
\(a,V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{dd}=6,5+0,4.36,5+50-0,1.2=70,9\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.136}{70,9}.100\%=19,18\%\)
a) mHCl = 14,6% . 200 = 29,2 ( g )
⇒ nHCl = \(\dfrac{m}{M}\) = \(\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}\) = 0,8 ( mol )
PTHH : Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
0,4 0,8 0,4 0,2 ( mol )
Theo pt : nH2 = 0,4 mol
⇒ VH2(đktc) = nH2 . 22.4 = 0,4 . 22,4 = 8,96 ( l )
b) Theo pt : mZn = n.M = 0,4 . 65 = 26 ( g )
c) mH2 = n.M = 0,4 . 2 = 0,8 ( g )
Theo pt : mZnCl2 = n.M = 0,4 . 136 = 54,4 ( g )
⇒ mdd(sau) = 200 + 26 - 0,8 = 225,2 ( g )
⇒ C%ZnCl2 = \(\dfrac{54,4}{225,2}\) . 100% ≃ 24,16%
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,8}{6}\) => Al hết, HCl dư
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2-->0,6---->0,2----->0,3
=> VH2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (l)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,8-0,6\right).36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mchất tan = 26,7 + 7,3 = 34 (g)
c) mdd sau pư = 5,4 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 204,8 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{204,8}.100\%=13,04\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7,3}{204,8}.100\%=3,56\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,2 0,3
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72L\\ m_{AlCl_3}=133,5.0,2=26,7g\\ m_{\text{dd}}=5,4+200-\left(0,3.2\right)=204,8g\\ C\%=\dfrac{26,7}{204,8}.100\%=13\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{182.5\cdot10}{100\cdot36.5}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.2......0.4..........0.2........0.2\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.5-0.4=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.1\cdot36.5=3.65\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.2\cdot22.4=4.48\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=13+182.5-0.2\cdot2=195.1\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3.65}{195.1}\cdot100\%=1.87\%\)
\(C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot136}{195.1}\cdot100\%=13.94\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6.5}{65}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{100\cdot14.6\%}{36.5}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(1........2\)
\(0.1......0.4\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.1}{1}< \dfrac{0.4}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.1\cdot22.4=2.24\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=6.5+100-0.1\cdot2=106.3\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%ZnCl_2=\dfrac{0.1\cdot136}{106.3}\cdot100\%=12.79\%\)
\(C\%HCl\left(dư\right)=\dfrac{\left(0.4-0.2\right)\cdot36.5}{106.3}\cdot100\%=6.87\%\%\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=200.27,375\%=54,75\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{54,75}{36,5}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
a ----> 2a --------> a -----> a
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
b ---> 2b -------> b ------> b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+56b=43,7\\a+b=0,7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{dd}=43,7+200-0,7.2=242,3\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,5.136}{242,3}=28,06\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{242,3}=10,48\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(1,5-0,5.2-0,2.2\right).36,5}{242,3}=1,51\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\\Fe+H_2SO_4->FeSO_{\text{ 4 }}+H_2\end{matrix}\right.\)
gọi số mol Zn là x , số mol Fe là y
=> 65x+56y=43,7
=> a+b=0,7
=>a=0,5 , b =0,2
=> \(m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\\ m_{Fe}=43,7-32,5=11,2\left(G\right)\)
nAl=0,2(mol)
mHCl=500.10%=50(g) => nHCl=50/36,5=100/73(mol)
PTHH: 2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
Vì: 0,2/2 < 100/73:6
=> Al hết, HCl dư, tính theo nAl
a) nH2=3/2. 0,2=0,3(mol) => V(H2,đktc)=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)
b) mHCl(tham gia p.ứ)= 6/2. 0,2 . 36,5= 21,9(g)
c) mddsau= 5,4+500-0,3.2=504,8(g)
mAlCl3=0,2. 133,5= 26,7(g)
mHCl(DƯ)= 50 -21,9=28,1(g)
C%ddAlCl3= (26,7/504,8).100=5,289%
C%ddHCl(dư)= (28,1/504,8).100=5,567%
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
b, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=100.14,6\%=14,6\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 6,5 + 100 - 0,1.2 = 106,3 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.136}{106,3}.100\%\approx12,79\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{106,3}.100\%\approx6,87\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{3,25}{65}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ct}=\dfrac{14,6.50}{100}=7,3\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,05 0,2 0,05 0,05
a) Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{2}\)
⇒ Zn phản ứng hết , HCl dư
⇒ Tính toán dựa vào số mol của Zn
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{ZnCl2}=0,05.136=6,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2-\left(0,5.2\right)=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=01,.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{ddspu}=3,25+50-\left(0,05.2\right)=53,15\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{6,8.100}{53,15}=12,8\)0/0
\(C_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65.100}{53,15}=6,88\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
a)
$n_{Zn} = \dfraac{3,25}{65} = 0,05(mol) ; n_{HCl} = \dfrac{50.14,6\%}{36,5} = 0,2(mol)$
$Zn +2 HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
$n_{Zn} : 1 < n_{HCl} : 2$ nên HCl dư
$n_{H_2} = n_{Zn} = 0,05(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12(lít)$
b)
$n_{ZnCl_2} = n_{Zn} = 0,05 \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2} = 0,05.136 = 6,8(gam_$
$n_{HCl\ pư} = 2n_{Zn} = 0,1(mol) \Rightarrow m_{HCl\ dư} = (0,2 - 0,1).36,5 = 3,65(gam)$
c)
$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 3,25 + 50 - 0,05.2 = 53,15(gam)$
d)
$C\%_{ZnCl_2} = \dfrac{6,8}{53,15}.100\%= 12,8\%$
$C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{3,65}{53,15}.100\% = 6,87\%$