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Ta có: \(z^2=2\left(xz+yz-xy\right)=2xz+2yz-2xy\)
Xét:
\(x^2+\left(x-z\right)^2=x^2+z^2-z^2+\left(x-z\right)^2\)\(=\left(x-z\right)^2+2xz-\left(2xz+2yz-2xy\right)+\left(x-z\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)^2+2xy-2yz+\left(x-z\right)^2=\left(x-z\right)^2+2y\left(x-z\right)+\left(x-z\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(x-z+2y+x-z\right)=\left(x-z\right)\left(2x+2y-2z\right)\) (1)
Xét:
\(y^2+\left(y-z\right)^2=y^2+z^2-z^2+\left(y-z\right)^2\)\(=\left(y-z\right)^2+2yz-\left(2xz+2yz-2xy\right)\)
\(=\left(y-z\right)^2+2xy-2xz+\left(y-z\right)^2=\left(y-z\right)^2+2x\left(y-z\right)+\left(y-z\right)^2\)
\(=\left(y-z\right)\left(y-z+2x+y-z\right)=\left(y-z\right)\left(2x+2y-2z\right)\) (2)
Từ (1); (2) => \(\frac{x^2+\left(x-z\right)^2}{y^2+\left(y-z\right)^2}=\frac{\left(x-z\right)\left(2x+2y-2z\right)}{\left(y-z\right)\left(2x+2y-2z\right)}=\frac{x-z}{y-z}\) \(\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{y-z}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}=\dfrac{y-x+x-z}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{y-x}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{x-z}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\) \(=\dfrac{1}{z-x}+\dfrac{1}{x-y}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{z-x}{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}=\dfrac{1}{x-y}+\dfrac{1}{y-z}\)
\(\dfrac{x-y}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}=\dfrac{1}{y-z}+\dfrac{1}{z-x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y-z}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{z-x}{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}+\dfrac{x-y}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\) \(=\dfrac{2}{x-y}+\dfrac{2}{y-z}+\dfrac{2}{z-x}\) \(\left(đpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng tc dtsbn:
\(\dfrac{x}{2013}=\dfrac{y}{2014}=\dfrac{z}{2015}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1}=\dfrac{x-y}{-1}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-z}{2}=\dfrac{y-z}{1}=\dfrac{x-y}{1}\\ \Leftrightarrow x-z=2\left(y-z\right)=2\left(x-y\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-z\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)\)
Hầy mình không nghĩ lớp 7 đã phải làm những bài biến đổi như thế này. Cái này phù hợp với lớp 8-9 hơn.
1.
Đặt $x^2-y^2=a; y^2-z^2=b; z^2-x^2=c$.
Khi đó: $a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c$
$\text{VT}=a^3+b^3+c^3=(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3$
$=(-c)^3-3ab(-c)+c^3=3abc$
$=3(x^2-y^2)(y^2-z^2)(z^2-x^2)$
$=3(x-y)(x+y)(y-z)(y+z)(z-x)(z+x)$
$=3(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)$
$=3.4(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)=12(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)$
Ta có đpcm.
Bài 2:
Áp dụng kết quả của bài 1:
Mẫu:
$(x^2-y^2)^3+(y^2-z^2)^3+(z^2-x^2)^3=3(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)=3(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(1)$
Tử:
Đặt $x-y=a; y-z=b; z-x=c$ thì $a+b+c=0$
$(x-y)^3+(y-z)^3+(z-x)^3=a^3+b^3+c^3$
$=(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3=(-c)^3-3ab(-c)+c^3=3abc$
$=3(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(2)$
Từ $(1);(2)$ suy ra \(\frac{(x-y)^3+(y-z)^3+(z-x)^3}{(x^2-y^2)^3+(y^2-z^2)^3+(z^2-x^2)^3}=1\)
\(\dfrac{x}{2018}=\dfrac{y}{2019}=\dfrac{x-y}{-1};\dfrac{y}{2019}=\dfrac{z}{2020}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1};\dfrac{x}{2018}=\dfrac{z}{2020}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-y}{-1}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(x-y\right)=2\left(y-z\right)=x-z\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-z\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)\)
Lời giải:
Đặt $\frac{x}{2018}=\frac{y}{2019}=\frac{z}{2020}=a$
$\Rightarrow x=2018a; y=2019a; z=2020a$
$\Rightarrow (x-z)^3=(2018a-2020a)^3=(-2a)^3=-8a^3(1)$
Mặt khác:
$8(x-y)^2(y-z)=8(2018a-2019a)^2(2019a-2020a)=8a^2.(-a)=-8a^3(2)$
Từ $(1); (2)$ ta có đpcm.
Bạn tham khảo câu trả lời của anh Phan Thanh Tịnh nhé
vô phần thống kê hỏi đáp của mình để coi hình nhé
\(\frac{x^2-yz}{x\left(1-yz\right)}=\frac{y^2-xz}{y\left(1-xz\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-yz\right)\left(y-xyz\right)=\left(y^2-xz\right)\left(x-xyz\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y-x^3yz-y^2z+xy^2z^2-xy^2+xy^3z+x^2z-x^2yz^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy\left(x-y\right)-xyz\left(x^2-y^2\right)+z\left(x^2-y^2\right)-xyz^2\left(x-y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left[xy-xyz\left(x+y\right)+z\left(x+y\right)-xyz^2\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy-xyz\left(x+y\right)+z\left(x+y\right)-xyz^2=0\left(x\ne y\Rightarrow x-y\ne0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+xz=xyz\left(x+y\right)+xyz^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ay+yz+xz}{xyz}=\frac{xyz\left(x+y\right)+xyz^2}{xyz}\left(xyz\ne0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=x+y+z\)
