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a. \(nFe=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(mHCl=\dfrac{200.9,125}{100}=18,25\left(g\right)\)
\(nHCl=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
1 2 1 1 (mol)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
LTL : \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\)
=> Fe đủ , HCl dư
mHCl ( dư ) = 0,1 . 36,5 = 3,65(g)
b.
mFeCl2 = 0,2 . 127 = 25,4 (g)
mH2 = 0,2 . 2 = 0,4 (g)
mdd = mFe + mdd HCl + mFeCl2 - mH2
mdd = 11,2 + 200 + 25,4 - 0,4 = 236,2(g)
\(C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{3,65.100}{236,2}=1,55\%\)
\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{25,4.100}{236,2}=10,75\%\)
\(C\%_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,4.100}{236,2}=0,17\%\)
\(n_{KOH}=\dfrac{400.7\%}{56}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.19,6\%}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KOH + H2SO4 --> K2SO4 + 2H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,5}{2}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\) => KOH dư, H2SO4 hết
PTHH: 2KOH + H2SO4 --> K2SO4 + 2H2O
0,4<----0,2-------->0,2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{KOH\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,5-0,4\right).56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{K_2SO_4}=0,2.174=34,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
mdd sau pư = 400 + 100 = 500 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{KOH.dư}=\dfrac{5,6}{500}.100\%=1,12\%\\C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{34,8}{500}.100\%=6,96\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{KOH}=\dfrac{400.7}{100}:56=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.19,6}{100}:98=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
0,4 0,2 0,2
Lập tỉ lệ:
\(\dfrac{0,5}{2}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\) => KOH dư.
\(m_{dd}=400+100=500\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{KOH.dư}=0,5-0,4=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.174.100}{500}=6,96\%\)
\(C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{0,1.56.100}{500}=1,12\%\)
1.
nAl=\(\dfrac{5,4}{27}\)=0,2 mol
mHCl=\(\dfrac{175.14,6}{100}\)=25,55g
nHCl=\(\dfrac{25,55}{36,5}\)=0,7
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2↑
n trước pứ 0,2 0,7
n pứ 0,2 →0,6 → 0,2 → 0,3 mol
n sau pứ hết dư 0,1
Sau pứ HCl dư.
mHCl (dư)= 36,5.0,1=3,65g
mcác chất sau pư= 5,4 +175 - 0,3.2= 179,8g
mAlCl3= 133,5.0,2=26,7g
C%ddHCl (dư)= \(\dfrac{3,65.100}{179,8}=2,03%\)%
C%ddAlCl3 = \(\dfrac{26,7.100}{179,8}\)= 14,85%
2.
200ml= 0,2l
mMg= \(\dfrac{4,2}{24}=0,175mol\)
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2↑
0,175→ 0,35 → 0,175→0,175 mol
a) VH2= 0,175.22,4=3,92l.
b)C%dHCl= \(\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\)M
\( n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1mol\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{24,5}{98}=0,25mol\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,1 0,25 0 0
0,1 0,15 0,05 0,15
0 0,1 0,05 0,15
Chất \(H_2SO_4\) dư và dư \(m=0,1\cdot98=9,8g\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36l\)
\(nAl=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(nH_2SO_4=\dfrac{24,5}{98}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
0,1---->0,15------>0,05--------------->0,15
Xét tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,25}{3}\)
=> H2SO4 dư vs pứ
\(nH_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}=0,25-0,15=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(mH_2SO_4=\)\(0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
\(VH_2=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(lít\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(pthh:Zn+2HCl->ZnCl_2+H_2\)
LTL :
\(\dfrac{0,2}{1}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}\)
=> ko chất nào dư
theo pthh : \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\
=>V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
Bài 8 (bài 7 bạn ở trên làm rồi)
\(n_{H_2\left(Al\right)}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2\left(Zn\right)}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0,2 0,3 0,1 0,3
Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2
0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3
\(a,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,3.27=8,1\left(g\right)\\m_{Zn}=0,3.65=19,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ b,m_{H_2SO_4}=\left(0,3+0,3\right).98=58,8\left(g\right)\)
c, Hợp chất tạo thành thuộc loại muối trung hoà
mmuôí = 0,1.342 + 0,3.161 = 82,5 (g)
\(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6\%.200}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\a, ZnO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2O\\ b,Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\\ \Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{ZnO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=98.0,3=29,4\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{ZnSO_4}=0,1.161=16,1\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{ZnO}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}=8,1+200=208,1\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{29,4}{208,1}.100\approx14,128\%\\ C\%_{ddZnSO_4}=\dfrac{16,1}{208,1}.100\approx7,737\%\)
ZnO+H2SO4->ZnSO4+H2O
0,1-----0,1-------0,1-------0,1 mol
n ZnO=\(\dfrac{8,1}{81}\)=0,1 mol
m H2SO4 =39,2g =>n H2SO4=\(\dfrac{39,2}{98}\)=0,4 mol
=>H2SO4 , dư 0,3 mol
=>m H2SO4=0,3.98=29,4g
=>C%H2SO4 dư=\(\dfrac{29,4}{200+0,1.18}\).100=14,568%
=>C% ZnSO4=\(\dfrac{0,1.161}{200+0,1.18}.100=7,9781\%\)
nFe=0,2(mol)
mHCl=29,2(g) => nHCl=0,8(mol)
PTHH: Fe +2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
Ta có: 0,2/1 < 0,8/2
=> HCl dư, Fe hết, tính theo nFe
=> nFeCl2=nH2=nFe=0,2(mol) =>mFeCl2= 25,4(g)
=>V(H2,đktc)=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)
nHCl(p.ứ)=2.0,2=0,4(mol) => nHCl(dư)=0,4(mol)
=>mHCl(dư)=0,4.36,5=14,6(g)
mddsau= mddHCl + mFe- mH2=11,2+400-0,2.2=410,8(g)
=>C%ddHCl(dư)=(14,6/410,8).100=3,554%
C%ddFeCl2= (25,4/410,8).100=6,183%
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2.7}{27}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=0.6\cdot0.1=0.06\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3CuSO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3Cu\)
\(2............3\)
\(0.1.........0.06\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.1}{2}>\dfrac{0.06}{3}\Rightarrow Aldư\)
\(m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.1-0.04\right)\cdot27=1.62\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0.02}{0.1}=0.2\left(M\right)\)
`PTHH: 2Al + 3H_2 SO_4 -> Al_2 (SO_4)_3 + 3H_2↑`
`a) n_[Al] = [ 2,7 ] / 27 = 0,1 (mol)`
`n_[H_2 SO_4] = [ [ 19,6 ] / 100 . 100 ] / 98 = 0,2 (mol)`
Ta có: `[ 0,1 ] / 2 < [0,2] / 3`
`=> H_2 SO_4` dư
Theo `PTHH` có: `n_[H_2 SO_\text{4(p/ứ)}] = 3 / 2 n_[Al] = 3 / 2 . 0,1 = 0,15 (mol)`
`=>m_[H_2 SO_\text{4(dư)}] = ( 0,2 - 0,15 ) . 98 = 4,9 (g)`
_____________________________________________________
`c)`Theo `PTHH` có: `n_[H_2] = 3 / 2 n_[Al] = 3 / 2 . 0,1 = 0,15 (mol)`
`-> m_\text{dd sau p/ứ} = 2,7 + 100 - 0,15 . 2 = 102,5 (g)`
`=> C%_[H_2 SO_\text{4(dư)}] = [ 4,9 ] / [102,5 ] . 100 ~~ 4,78 %`
Theo `PTHH` có: `n_[Al_2 (SO_4)_3] = 1 / 2 n_[Al] = 1 / 2 . 0,1 = 0,05 (mol)`
`=> C%_[Al_2 (SO_4)_3] = [ 0,05 . 342 ] / [ 102,5 ] . 100 ~~ 16,68%`
\(nAl=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(mH_2SO_4=\dfrac{100.19,6}{100}=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(nH_2SO_4=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
2 3 1 3 (mol)
0,1 0,15 0,05 0,15 (mol)
LTL : \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,2}{3}\)
=> Al đủ , H2SO4 dư
m H2SO4 ( dư ) = ( 0,2 - 0,15 ) . 98 = 4,9 (g)
\(mAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3=0,05.342=17,1\left(g\right)\)
\(mH_2=0,15.2=0,3\left(g\right)\)
m dd = mAl + mddH2SO4 + mAl2(SO4)3 - mH2
m dd = 2,7 + 100 + 17,1 - 0,3 = 119,5 (g)
\(C\%_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{4,9.100}{119,5}=4,1\%\)
\(C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{17,1.100}{119,5}=14,3\%\)
\(C\%_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,3.100}{119,5}=0,25\%\)