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a, \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
\(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=4,4-2,4=2\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{2}{40}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Mg}+n_{MgO}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,15.98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,7}{19,6\%}=75\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{150.16,64\%}{137+35.2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.14,7\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Phương trình hóa học :
BaCl2 + H2SO4 -----> BaSO4 + 2HCl
Dễ thấy \(\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4\text{ dư }0,15-0,12=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
c) Khối lượng kết tủa :
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,12.233=27,96\) (g)
Khối lượng chất tan : \(m_{HCl}=0,24.36,5=8,76\left(g\right)\) ;
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(\text{dư}\right)}=0,03.98=2,94\left(g\right)\)
c) \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}\)= \(\dfrac{2,94}{150+100}.100\%=1,176\%\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{8,76}{150+100}.100\%=3.504\%\)
d) NaOH + HCl ---> NaCl + H2O
0,24 <-- 0,24
mol mol
2NaOH + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,06 mol <-- 0,03 mol
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,24+0,06=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{NaOH}=0,3.2=0,6\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{360.21,2\%}{100\%.106}=0,72(mol)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=2,5.0,2=0,5(mol)\\ PTHH:Na_2CO_3+H_2SO_4\to Na_2SO_4+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\\ a,\text {Vì }\dfrac{n_{Na_2CO_3}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1} \text {nên }Na_2CO_3\text { dư}\\ \Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,5.22,4=11,2(l)\\\)
\(b,A:Na_2SO_4\\ n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5(mol)\\ m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=200.1,1=220(g);V_{dd_{Na_2CO_3}}=\dfrac{360}{1,2}=300(ml)=0,3(l)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,5.142}{360+200-0,5.44}.100\%=13,2\%\\ C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,3+0,2}=1M\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pt: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
b) Theo pt: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,6.98=58,8g\)
\(C_{\%}dd_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}.100\%=\dfrac{58,8}{200}.100\%=29,4\%\)
c) Theo pt: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{n_{Al}}{2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,2.342=68,4\left(g\right)\)
Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng
\(m_{dd_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right) _3}}=m_{Al}+m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}-m_{H_2}\)
\(=10,8+200-0,6.2=209,6g\)
\(C_{\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{68,4}{209,6}.100\%\approx32,6\%\)
Bài 1
nBaCl2= 200 *2.6%= 5.2 (g) ; nBaCl2= 5.2/208=0.025(mol)
nH2SO4=49*10%=4.9(g) ; nH2SO4=4.9/98=0.05(mol)
PTHH
..........................H2SO4 + BaCl2 ➞ 2HCl + BaSO4
Trước phản ứng:0.05 : 0.025...................................(mol)
Trong phản ứng:0.025 : 0.025......... : 0.025 : 0.05(mol)
Sau phản ứng : 0.025 : 0 ......... : 0.025 : 0.05 (mol)
a) mBaSO4=0.025*233=5.825(g)
b) mdd sau phản ứng = 49+200-5.825=243.175(g)
C% (H2SO4) = (0.025* 98)/243.175*100%=1.007%
C% (HCl) = (0.05*36.5)/243.175*100%=0.007%
Bài 2:
nHCl= 73 *25%= 18.25 (g) ; nHCl= 18.25/36.5=0.5(mol)
nAgNO3=34*5%=1.7(g) ; nAgNO3=1.7/170=0.01(mol)
PTHH
..........................HCl + AgNO3 ➞ AgCl + 2HNO3
Trước phản ứng:0.5 : 0.01......................................(mol)
Trong phản ứng:0.01 : 0.01.............. : 0.01 : 0.01(mol)
Sau phản ứng : 0.49: 0 ............... : 0.01 : 0.01(mol)
a) mAgCl=0.01*143.5=1.435(g)
b) mdd sau phản ứng = 73+34-1.435=105.565(g)
C% (HNO3) = (0.01* 63)/105.565*100%=0.0059%
C% (HCl) = (0.49*36.5)/105.565*100%=16.94%
PTHH: \(H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\cdot1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{K_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{\dfrac{0,4\cdot56}{6\%}}{1,048}\approx356,2\left(ml\right)\\C_{M_{K_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2+0,3562}\approx0,36\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=1.0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ 0,2.........0,4........0,2.......0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a.m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,4.56.100}{6}=\dfrac{1120}{3}\left(g\right)\\ V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1120}{3}}{1,048}=\dfrac{140000}{393}\left(ml\right)\approx0,356\left(l\right)\)
\(b.C_{MddK_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2}{\dfrac{140000}{393}+0,2}\approx0,00056\left(M\right)\)
