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\(n_O=\dfrac{33,3-21,3}{16}=0,75\left(mol\right)\)
=> nH2O = 0,75 (mol)
Giả sử có V lít dd
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=V\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=2V\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn H: 2V + 2V = 0,75.2
=> V = 0,375 (lít) = 375 (ml)
2Mg+O2 -t°->2MgO(1)
4Al+3O2 - t°->2Al2O3( 2)
2Cu+O2 - t°->2CuO(3)
MgO+2HClàMgCl2+H2O(4)
Al2O3+6HClà2AlCl3+3H2O(5)
CuO+2HClà CuCl2+H2O(6)
MgO+H2SO4àMgSO4+H2O(7)
Al2O3+3H2SO4àAl2(SO4)3+3H2O(8)
CuO+H2SO4àCuSO4+H2O(9)
-∑mO=34,14-23,676=10,464(g)<->0,654(mol)
-Theo pt(4,5,6,7,8,9):nH=2nO=2*0,654=1,308(mol)
Đặt V axit=V(l)
=>nHCl=3V;nH2SO4=1,5V
Ta có: ∑nH=3V + 1,5V*2=1,308
=>V=0,218(l)=218ml
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{2,75}{80}=0,034375mol\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow2CuO\)
0,034375 0,0171875 0,034375
\(m_{Al,Mg}=10-0,034375.64=7,8g\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{9,916}{22,79}=0,4mol\\ n_{Al}=a;n_{Mg}=b\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=0,2;b=0,1\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,2}{10}\cdot100=54\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{10}\cdot1=24\%\\ \%m_{Cu}=100-54-24=22\%\\ 4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^0}2Al_2O_3\left(2\right)\\ n_{O_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{0,2.3}{4}=0,15mol\\ 2Mg+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^0}2MgO\left(3\right)\\ n_{O_2\left(3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05mol\\ V_{O_2}=\left(0,0171875+0,15+0,05\right).24,79\approx5,384l\)
$2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO$
$2Cu + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2CuO$
$4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3$
$MgO + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2O$
$CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O$
$Al_2O_3 + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2O$
Gọi $n_{MgO} = a(mol) ; n_{CuO} = b(mol) ; n_{Al_2O_3} = c(mol)$
Bảo toàn khối lượng : $m_{O_2} = 23,2 - 16,8 = 6,4(gam)$
$n_{O_2} = 0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow 0,5a + 0,5b + 1,5c = 0,2(1)$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{HCl} =2 n_{MgO} + 2n_{CuO} + 6n_{Al_2O_3} = 0,8(theo (1))$
Suy ra : $V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,8}{2} = 0,4(lít)$
a)
$K_2O + H_2O \to 2KOH$
$n_{KOH} = 0,4.1 = 0,4(mol) \Rightarrow m_{K_2O} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{KOH} = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{K_2O}= 0,2.94 = 18,8(gam)$
Suy ra: $a = 42,8 - 18,8 = 24(gam)$
b)
$n_{CuO} = \dfrac{24}{80} = 0,3(mol)$
$CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O$
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{CuO} = 0,6(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,6.36,5}{7,3\%} = 300(gam)$
$V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{300}{1,15} = 260,87(ml)$
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\\n_{Cu}=z\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol )
\(m_{hh}=27x+65y+64z=22,8\left(g\right)\) (1)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
x 1,5x ( mol )
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
y y ( mol )
\(n_{H_2}=1,5x+y=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
B là Cu
\(2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\)
z z ( mol )
\(n_{CuO}=z=\dfrac{5,5}{80}=0,06875\left(mol\right)\) (3)
\(\left(1\right);\left(2\right);\left(3\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\\z=0,06875\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=22,8-5,4-13=4,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
1)
mHCl = 25,55.100/100=25,55(g)
=> nHCl = 25,55/36,5=0,7(mol)
Pt: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
+Giả sử trong hh chỉ có Mg
nMg = 5,624=0,235,624=0,23 mol
Pt: Mg +......2HCl
0,23 mol-> 0,46 mol < 0,7 (mol)
=> HCl dư
<=> Hh Mg, Zn, Al bị hòa tan hết
\(1) Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe + 3H_2O\\ Fe_3O_4 + 4H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 3Fe + 4H_2O \text{Theo PTHH }\\ n_{H_2O} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9(mol)\\ \text{Bảo toàn khối lượng : }\\ a = m_{hh} + m_{H_2} - m_{H_2O} = 65,4 + 0,9.2 - 0,9.18 = 51(gam)\)
2)
\(n_{Mg} = a ; n_{Al} = b ; n_{Fe} = c\\ \Rightarrow 24a + 27b + 56c = 18,6(1)\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b + c = \dfrac{14,56}{22,4}=0,65(2)\\ 2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO\\ 4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ 3Fe + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Fe_3O_4\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{7,84}{22,4} = 0,35\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{a + b + c}{0,5a + 0,75b + \dfrac{2}{3}c} = \dfrac{0,55}{0,35}(3)\\ (1)(2)(3) \Rightarrow a = 0,2 ; b = 0,2 ; c= 0,15\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,2.24}{18,6}.100\% = 25,81\%\\ \%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,2.27}{18,6}.100\% = 29,03\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\% - 25,81\% -29,03\% = 45,16\%\)
