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\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2mol\)
\(m_{HCl}=21,9g\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\)
=> HCl dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\)
bổ sung ý b)
Khối lượng dung dịch sau phản ứng = mZn + mHCl - mH2 thoát ra = 13 +150 - 0,2 .2 = 162,6 gam
Dung dịch thu được sau phản ứng gồm \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ZnCl_2\\HCl_{dư}\end{matrix}\right.\)
nZnCl2 = nZn = 0,2 mol => mZnCl2 = 0,2 . 136 = 27,2 gam
=> C% ZnCl2 = \(\dfrac{27,2}{162,6}\).100= 16,72%
nHCl dư = 0,6 - 0,4 = 0,2 mol
mHCl dư= 0,2.36,5 = 7,3 gam
=> C% HCl dư = \(\dfrac{7,3}{162,6}\).100 = 4,5%
Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2
b. Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(lít\right)\)
c. Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{9,8}{m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}}.100\%=25\%\)
=> \(m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=39,2\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(m_{H_2}=0,1.2=0,2\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{dd_{ZnSO_4}}=6,5+39,2-0,2=45,5\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{ZnSO_4}=0,1.161=16,1\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{ZnSO_4}}=\dfrac{16,1}{45,5}.100\%=35,4\%\)
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{4,05}{27}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{294\cdot10\%}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,15}{2}< \dfrac{0,3}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,075\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\\n_{H_2}=0,225\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,225\cdot22,4=5,04\left(l\right)\\m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,075\cdot342=25,65\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,075\cdot98=7,35\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,225\cdot2=0,45\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Al}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=297,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{25,65}{297,6}\cdot100\%\approx8,62\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7,35}{297,6}\cdot100\%\approx4,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2. Cho 8g Fe2O3 tác dụng vừa đủ với dd HCl 20% (D = 1,1g/ml). Hãy tính: a. Thể tích dd HCl đã dùng b. Nồng độ % dd thu được sau phản ứng
a) \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(n_{HCl}=6n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{20\%}=54,75\left(g\right)\)
=> \(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{m}{D}=\dfrac{54,75}{1,1}=49,77\left(g\right)\)
b) \(m_{ddsaupu}=8+54,75=62,75\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,05.2.162,5}{62,75}.100=25,9\%\)
Câu 4 :
\(n_{SO2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(SO_2+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaSO_3+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1
0,15 0,15 0,15
a) \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)2}=\dfrac{0,15.1}{1}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Ba\left(OH\right)2}=0,15.171=25,65\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ddBa\left(OH\right)2}=\dfrac{25,65.100}{150}=17,1\)0/0
b) \(n_{BaSO3}=\dfrac{0,15.1}{1}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{BaSO3}=0,15.217=32,55\left(g\right)\)
c) Pt : \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O|\)
1 2 1 2
0,15 0,3
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,15.2}{1}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,3.36,5=10,95\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{10,95.100}{20}=54,75\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{54,75}{1,2}=45,625\left(ml\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
PTHH
Mg + 2HCl ----> MgCl2 + H2 (1)
MgO + 2HCl -----> MgCl2 + H2O (2)
a) Theo pt(1) n Mg = n H2 = \(\frac{1,12}{22,4}\) = 0,05 (mol)
==> m Mg = 0,005 . 24=1,2 (g)
%m Mg = \(\frac{1,2}{3,2}\). 100%= 37,5%
%m MgO= 100% - 37,5%= 62,5%
b)m dd sau pư = 3,2 + 246,9 - 0,05 . 2=250 (g)
Theo pt(1)(2) n MgCl2(1) = n Mg = 0,05 mol
n MgCl2 (2) = n MgO=\(\frac{3,2-1,2}{40}\)=0,05(mol)
==> tổng n MgCl2 = 0,1 (mol) ---->m MgCl2 = 9,5 (g)
C%(MgCl2)= \(\frac{9,5}{250}\) .100% = 3,8%
\(n_{Ba}=\dfrac{109,6}{137}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=200.1,1=220\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow m_{HCl}=20\%.220=44\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{44}{36,5}=1,205\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Ba + 2HCl ---> BaCl2 + H2
LTL: \(0,6< \dfrac{1,205}{2}\rightarrow\) HCl dư
Theo pthh: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Ba}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=220+109,6=329,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{BaCl_2}=0,6.208=124,8\left(g\right)\)
Theo pthh: \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Ba}=2.0,6=1,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{124,8}{329,6}=36,86\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,05.36,5}{329,6}=0,55\%\end{matrix}\right.\)