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\(n_{PbS}=\dfrac{47,8}{239}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn S: \(n_{FeS}=n_{H_2S}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,1<----------------------0,1
=> mFe = 0,1.56 = 5,6 (g)
mFeS = 0,2.88 = 17,6 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{5,6+17,6}.100\%=24,138\%\\\%m_{FeS}=\dfrac{17,6}{5,6+17,6}.100\%=75,862\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(19,1gam\) \(:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al\\Mg\\Zn\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\underrightarrow{+O_2}\)\(Y:25,5gam\)\(\underrightarrow{+HCl}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AgCl_3\\MgCl_2\\ZnCl_2\end{matrix}\right.\) + H2 : 0,3 mol
H2O
Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng:
\(mO_2=25,5-19,1=6,4gam\) \(\Rightarrow nO_2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT O : nH2O = 0,4mol
\(\rightarrow nHCl^-\left(tdOxi\right)=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(nH_2=0,3\left(mol\right)\rightarrow nCl^-\left(tdKl\right)=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{muối}=19,1+\left(0,8+0,6\right).35,5=68,8\left(g\right)\)
\(Đặt:n_{MnO_2}=a\left(mol\right),n_{KMnO_4}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=87a+158b=37.96\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{10.08}{22.4}=0.45\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
\(MnO_2+4HCl\rightarrow MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=a+2.5b=0.45\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.4,b=0.02\)
\(\%MnO_2=\dfrac{0.4\cdot87}{37.96}\cdot100\%=91.68\%\\\%KMnO_4=100-91.68=8.32\% \)
\(m_M=m_{KCl}+m_{MnCl_2}=0.02\cdot74.5+\left(0.4+0.02\right)\cdot126=54.41g\)
a)
Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 27b = 26,25 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{30,8}{22,4}=1,375\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
a-->2a--------->a------>a
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b---->3b------->b------>1,5b
=> a + 1,5b = 1,375 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,25 (mol); b = 0,75 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,25.24}{26,25}.100\%=22,857\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,75.27}{26,25}.100\%=77,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
nHCl = 2a + 3b = 2,75 (mol)
=> mHCl = 2,75.36,5 = 100,375 (g)
=> \(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{100,375.100}{10}=1003,75\left(g\right)\)
c)
mdd sau pư = 1003,75 + 26,25 - 1,375.2 = 1027,25 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.95}{1027,25}.100\%=2,312\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,75.133,5}{1027,25}.100\%=9,747\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
x x ( mol )
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+65y=21,4\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13g\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{21,4}.100=39,25\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-39,25\%=60,75\%\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,15.127=19,05g\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2g\)
Đáp án B
Số mol H2 thu được là: n H 2 = 0 , 3 mol
Đặt số mol các chất trong X là Zn: a mol ; Fe: b mol.
m Zn + m Fe = m X ⇒ 65 a + 56 b = 18 , 6 ( I )
Sơ đồ phản ứng:
Các quá trình nhường, nhận electron:
\(a)n_{Mg} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol)\Rightarrow 24a + 56b = 10,4(1)\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} =a +b = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1\\ n_{MgCl_2} = a = 0,2(mol) \Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2} = 0,2.95 = 19(gam)\\ n_{FeCl_2} = b = 0,1(mol) \Rightarrow m_{FeCl_2} = 0,1.127 = 12,7(gam)\\ b)\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,2.24}{10,4}.100\% = 46,15\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\% -46,15\% = 53,85\%\)