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a)\(CaSO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
tl 1..................2............1.............1..........1(mol)
br0,125........0,25......0,125........0,125....0,125(mol)
\(m_{CaSO_3}=\dfrac{15}{120}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VddHCl=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,25}{1}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{MCaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,125}{0,25}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
Bài 3 : Trích mẫu thử :
Cho dung dịch BaCl2 vào 2 mẫu thử :
+ Chất nào xuất hiện kết tủa trắng không tan trong axit : H2SO4
Pt : \(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\)
Không hiện tượng : HCl
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Bài 2 :
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2|\)
1 1 1 1
0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2
a) \(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{FeSO4}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
'\(C_{M_{FeSO4}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
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a) \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
Mol: 0,1 0,6 0,2
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,6.36,5.100}{14,6}=150\left(g\right)\)
b) mdd sau pứ = 16 + 150 = 166 (g)
\(C\%_{ddFeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.162,5.100\%}{166}=19,58\%\)
PT: \(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.1=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
a, Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,25+0,25}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Na2CO3}=\dfrac{10,6}{106}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(2CH_3COOH+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow2CH3OONa+CO_2+H_2O\)
0,2 0,1 0,2 0,1
a) \(V_{CO2\left(dktc\right)}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{MCH3COOH}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
b) \(C_{MCH3COONa}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
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\(a,n_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{24}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
\(b,\) Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(c,n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5M\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=1.0,2=0,2(mol)\\ H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\to BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\\ \Rightarrow n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,2(mol)\\ a,m_{BaSO_4}=0,2.233=46,6(g)\\ b,V_{dd_{BaCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{1,5}\approx 0,13(l)\\ c,n_{HCl}=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2+0,13}\approx 1,21M\)
\(d,\) Dd sau p/ứ là HCl nên làm quỳ tím hóa đỏ
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\\ n_{BaCl_2}=n_{BaSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{\downarrow}=m_{BaSO_4}=0,2.233=46,6\left(g\right)\\ b,V_{\text{dd}BaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{1,5}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(l\right)\\ c,C_{M\text{dd}HCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{\dfrac{2}{15}+0,2}=1,2\left(M\right)\\ d,V\text{ì}.c\text{ó}.\text{dd}.HCl\Rightarrow Qu\text{ỳ}.ho\text{á}.\text{đ}\text{ỏ}\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ 0,2........0,3...........0,1...........0,3\left(mol\right)\\ a.C_{MddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,3}=1\left(M\right)\\ b.m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,1=34,2\left(g\right)\\ c.V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,3}=1M\)
b) \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n.M=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=n.22,4=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(a,n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ b,n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ b,V_{H_2\left(25\text{đ}\text{ộ}C,1bar\right)}=0,2.24,79=4,958\left(l\right)\\ c,n_{HCl}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ m_{\text{dd}HCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5.100}{10}=146\left(g\right)\\ m_{\text{dd}A}=m_{Mg}+m_{\text{dd}HCl}-m_{H_2}=4,8+146-0,2.2=150,4\left(g\right)\\ d,C\%_{\text{dd}MgCl_2}=\dfrac{95.0,2}{150,4}.100\approx12,633\%\)
Câu 1 :
\(n_{Na2CO3}=\dfrac{10,6}{106}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Na_2CO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+CO_2+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1 1
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
a) \(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{0,1}{1}=0,1\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{CO2}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{CO2\left(dktc\right)}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{Na2SO4}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{Na2SO4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\)
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