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a) a4 + a2 - 2
a4 + 2a2 - a2 - 2
a2.( a2 + 2 ) - ( a2 + 2 )
( a2 - 1 ).( a2 + 2 )
( a + 1 ).( a - 1 ).( a2 +2 )
b) x4 + 4x2 - 5
x4 + 5x2 - x2 - 5
x2.( x2 + 5 ) - ( x2 + 5 )
( x2 - 1 ).( x2 + 5 )
( x + 1 ).( x - 1 ).( x2 + 5 )
c) x3 - 19x - 30
x3 + 2x2 - 2x2 + 4x - 15x - 30
x2( x + 2 ) - 2x.( x + 2 ) - 15.( x + 2 )
( x + 2 ).( x2 - 2x - 15 )
d) x3 - 7x - 6
x3 - 3x2 + 3x2 - 9x + 2x - 6
x2.( x - 3 ) + 3x.( x - 3 ) + 2.( x - 3 )
( x - 3 ).( x2 + 3x +2 )
( x - 3 ).( x2 + 2x + x + 2 )
( x - 3 ).( x.( x + 2 ) + ( x + 2 )
( x + 1 ).( x + 2 ).( x - 3 )
e) x3 - 5x2 - 14x
x3 - 7x2 + 2x2 - 14x
x2.( x - 7 ) + 2x.( x - 7 )
( x - 7 ).( x2 + 2x )
x.( x + 2 ).( x - 7 )
a ) \(x^3-7x-6=x^3-x-6x-6=x^3-x-6\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=x\left(x^2-1\right)-6\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left[x\left(x-1\right)-6\right]\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left[\left(x^2-x-6\right)\right]=\left(x+1\right)\left[\left(x^2+2x-3x-6\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left[x\left(x+2\right)-3\left(x+2\right)\right]=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
b )
\(x^3-19x-30=\left(x^3-9x\right)-\left(10x+30\right)=x\left(x^2-9\right)-10\left(x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x-10\right)=\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x-5\right)\)
c )
\(a^3-6a^2+11a-6=\left(a-3\right)\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right).\)
Lời giải:
a. $x^3-4x^2+x+6=(x^3-2x^2)-(2x^2-4x)-(3x-6)$
$=x^2(x-2)-2x(x-2)-3(x-2)=(x-2)(x^2-2x-3)$
$=(x-2)[(x^2+x)-(3x+3)]=(x-2)[x(x+1)-3(x+1)]$
$=(x-2)(x+1)(x-3)$
-------------------
b.
$x^3+7x^2+14x+8=(x^3+x^2)+(6x^2+6x)+(8x+8)$
$=x^2(x+1)+6x(x+1)+8(x+1)=(x+1)(x^2+6x+8)$
$=(x+1)[(x^2+2x)+(4x+8)]=(x+1)[x(x+2)+4(x+2)]$
$=(x+1)(x+2)(x+4)$
Câu a bạn xem lại đề bài nhé. Đa thức đề cho thậm chí còn không có nghiệm hữu tỉ luôn cơ.
b) Lập sơ đồ Horner:
| 1 | 7 | 14 | 8 | |
| \(x=-1\) | 1 | 6 | 8 | 0 |
\(\Rightarrow x^3+7x^2+14x+8=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+6x+8\right)\)
Ta thấy đa thức \(g\left(x\right)=x^2+6x+8\), dự đoán được 1 nghiệm \(x=-2\). Ta lại lập sơ đồ Horner:
| 1 | 6 | 8 | |
| \(x=-2\) | 1 | 4 | 0 |
\(\Rightarrow g\left(x\right)=\left(x+2\right)\left(x+4\right)\)
Vậy đa thức đã cho có thể được phân tích thành \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+4\right)\)
\(x^3-5x^2-14x\)
\(=x^3+2x^2-7x^2-14x\)
\(=x^2\left(x+2\right)-7x\left(x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-7x\right)\)
\(=x\left(x+2\right)\left(x-7\right)\)
\(x^3-7x-6\)
\(=x^3+x^2-x^2-x-6x-6\)
\(=x^2\left(x+1\right)-x\left(x+1\right)-6\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x-6\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+2x-3x-6\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left[x\left(x+2\right)-3\left(x+2\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-3\right)\)
\(x^3-19x-30\)
\(=x^3-5x^2+5x^2-25x+6x-30\)
\(=x^2\left(x-5\right)+5x\left(x-5\right)+6\left(x-5\right)\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)\left(x^2+2x+3x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)\left[x\left(x+2\right)+3\left(x+2\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
a) \(x^3+4x^2-21x\)
\(=x\left(x^2+4x-21\right)\)
\(=x\left(x^2-3x+7x-21\right)\)
\(=x\left[x\left(x-3\right)+7\left(x-3\right)\right]\)
\(=x\left(x-3\right)\left(x+7\right)\)
b) \(5x^3+6x^2+x\)
\(=x\left(5x^2+6x+1\right)\)
\(=x\left(5x^2+5x+x+1\right)\)
\(=x\left[5x\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)\right]\)
\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left(5x+1\right)\)
c) \(x^3-7x+6\)
\(=x^3+2x^2-3x-2x^2-4x+6\)
\(=x\left(x^2+2x-3\right)-2\left(x^2+2x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
d) \(3x^3+2x-5\)
\(=3x^3+3x^2+5x-3x^2-3x-5\)
\(=x\left(3x^2+3x+5\right)-\left(3x^2+3x+5\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(3x^2+3x+5\right)\)
a) x3 - 7x - 6 = x3 + x2 - x2 - x - 6x - 6
= x2(x + 1) - x(x + 1) - 6(x + 1)
= (x + 1)(x2 - x - 6)
= (x + 1)(x2 + 2x - 3x - 6)
= (x + 1)[x(x + 2) - 3(x + 2)]
= (x + 1)(x + 2)(x - 3)
\(b,x^3-3x^2-4x+12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-3\right)-4\left(x-3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-4\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
\(c,3x^3-7x^2+17x-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^3-x^2-6x^2+2x+15x-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(3x-1\right)-2x\left(3x-1\right)+5\left(3x-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-1\right)\left(x^2-2x+5\right)\)
\(\text{d) 2x}^4- 7x^3 - 2x^2 + 13x + 6\)
\(\text{= (2x^4 + 2x^3) - (9x^3 + 9x^2) + (7x^2 + 7x) + (6x + 6)}\)
\(\text{= 2x^3(x + 1) - 9x^2(x + 1) + 7x(x + 1) + 6(x + 1)}\)
\(\text{= (x + 1)(2x^3 - 9x^2 + 7x + 6)}\)
\(\text{= (x + 1)(2x + 1)(x - 3)(x - 2)}\)
a)\(x^3-x^2-14x+24=x^3-3x^2+2x^2-6x-8x+24\)
\(=x^2\left(x-3\right)+2x\left(x-3\right)-8\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+2x-8\right)\)
=\(\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+4x-2x-8\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+4\right)\)
b)Tương tự câu a
c)\(x^3-7x+6=x^3-x^2+x^2-x-6x+6\)
=\(x^2\left(x-1\right)+x\left(x-1\right)-6\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+x-6\right)\)
=\(\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+3x-2x-6\right)\)
=\(\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
d;e thương tự câu c