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Bài 1:
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot36,5}{14,6\%}=100\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
PTHH: \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KOH}=\dfrac{100\cdot11,2\%}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{150\cdot9,8\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) H2SO4 còn dư, KOH p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot174=17,4\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\cdot98=4,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddKOH}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}=250\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{17,4}{250}\cdot100\%=6,96\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{4,9}{250}\cdot100\%=1,96\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
$n_{HCl} = \dfrac{250.14,6\%}{36,5} = 1(mol)$
$Na_2CO_3 + 2HCl \to 2NaCl + CO_2 + H_2O$
$n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,5(mol)$
$V_{CO_2} = 0,5.22,4 = 11,2(lít)$
b)
Sau phản ứng :
$m_{dd} = 55 + 250 -0,5.44 = 283(gam)$
$n_{Na_2CO_3} = n_{CO_2} = 0,5(mol) \Rightarrow m_{Na_2SO_4} = 55 - 0,5.106 = 2(gam)$
$n_{NaCl} =n_{HCl} = 1(mol)$
$C\%_{NaCl} = \dfrac{1.58,5}{283}.100\% = 20,67\%$
$C\%_{Na_2SO_4} = \dfrac{2}{283}.100\% = 0,71\%$
a) \(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{250.14,6\%}{36,5}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(TheoPT:n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{CO_2}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)
b) \(C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,5.58,5}{55+250-0,5.44}.100=10,34\%\)
\(m_{Na_2SO_4}=55-0,5.106=2\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{2}{55+250-0,5.44}.100=0,7\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
\(m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\\
V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\\
m_{\text{dd}}=6,5+200-\left(0,1.2\right)=206,3g\)
bài 2 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6g\\
V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\\
m\text{dd}=4,8+200-0,4=204,4g\\
C\%=\dfrac{0,2.136}{204,4}.100\%=13,3\%\)
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.24,79=4,958\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
c, \(C_{M_{ZnCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
PT: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
a, Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\). ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
b, Ta có: \(m_{ZnSO_4}=0,1.161=16,1\left(g\right)\)
c, \(C_{M_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
\(C_{M_{ZnSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{7.2}{24}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200\cdot14.6\%}{36.5}=0.8\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.3.........0.6.........0.3..........0.3\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.8-0.6=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
\(0.2........0.2\)
\(V_{dd_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0.2}{2}=0.1\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=7.2+200-0.3\cdot2=206.6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{MgCl_2}=0.3\cdot95=28.5\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%MgCl_2=\dfrac{28.5}{206.6}\cdot100\%=13.8\%\)
\(C\%HCl\left(dư\right)=\dfrac{0.2\cdot36.5}{206.6}\cdot100\%=3.53\%\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,1........0,02.........0,1...........0,1
\(m_{HCl=}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\)
Gọi x(g) là khối lượng của HCl 14,6%
\(C\%=\dfrac{7,3}{x}.100\%=14,6\%\)
\(\Rightarrow x=50\left(g\right)\)
b) \(m_{MgCl_2}=0,1.95=9,5\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{dd}=2,4+50-0,1.2=52,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{9,5}{52,2}.100\%\approx18,2\%\)
Bài 2 :
Theo đề bài ta có : nZn=6,5/65=0,1 (mol) ; nH2SO4=1.0,2=0,2 (mol)
ta có PTHH :
Zn + H2SO4 \(\rightarrow ZnSO4+H2\uparrow\)
0,1mol................0,1mol
Theo pthh ta có tỉ lệ : nZn=\(\dfrac{0,1}{1}mol< nH2SO4=\dfrac{0,2}{1}mol\)
=> số mol của h2SO4 dư ( tính theo số mol của Zn)
a) Khối lượng muối tạo thành là :
mZnSO4=0,1.161=16,1 (g)
b) Nồng độ mol củ dd Sau P/ư là :
CMZnSO4 = \(\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\)