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Câu a : \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c+a}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a+b}+1\right)\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(VT=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right).9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{9}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "\("="\) xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Câu b : \(VT=\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-\frac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3ab}=\frac{2a}{3}-\frac{b}{3}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}\ge\frac{2b}{3}-\frac{c}{3}\) ; \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\ge\frac{2c}{3}-\frac{a}{3}\)
Cộng vế với vế: \(VT\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Câu 2)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+1+a+1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
Ta có \(a+b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{\left(a+1\right)b+a+1}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{ab+b+a+1}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
Ta có \(a+b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{ab+2}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\ge4\left(ab+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge4ab+8\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge4ab\)
Do \(a+b=1\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (đpcm )
Câu 3)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge9\)
Mà \(a+b+c=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\\\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\sqrt[3]{abc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9.\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{abc}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\) (điều này luôn luôn đúng)
\(\Rightarrow\) ĐPCM
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Câu hỏi của Nguyễn Bảo Trân - Toán lớp 9 | Học trực tuyến
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{a^2}{b}=\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{b}+a-b=\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{b}+b+(a-2b)\geq 2\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+(a-2b)\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{b^2}{c}\geq 2\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+(b-2c)\)
\(\frac{c^2}{a}\geq 2\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}+(c-2a)\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\sum \frac{a^2}{b}\geq 2\sum \sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}-(a+b+c)(1)\)
Mà theo BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}=\sqrt{(a+b)^2-3ab}\geq \sqrt{(a+b)^2-\frac{3}{4}(a+b)^2}=\frac{a+b}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow \sum \sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\geq \sum \frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c(2)\)
Từ $(1);(2)\Rightarrow \sum \frac{a^2}{b}\geq \sum \sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}$ (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2b^2}{b^2c^2}}\ge\frac{2a}{c}\) ; \(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{2c}{b}\) ; \(\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{2b}{a}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2. \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc.ac}{ab}}=2c\) ; \(\frac{ac}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge2a\) ; \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge2b\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)