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The oldest form of art is storytelling. Humans have been capable of speech for 100,000 years. Archaeologists have evidence of ritual behavior in human habitation and burial sites between 60,000 and 80,000 years ago. This is significant, because if humans were engaged in symbolic behavior, then they were also capable of symbolic language—language that told of the past and speculated about the future. Symbolic language would be part of the rituals and ceremonies performed and of the stories...
Đọc tiếp

The oldest form of art is storytelling. Humans have been capable of speech for 100,000 years. Archaeologists have evidence of ritual behavior in human habitation and burial sites between 60,000 and 80,000 years ago. This is significant, because if humans were engaged in symbolic behavior, then they were also capable of symbolic language—language that told of the past and speculated about the future. Symbolic language would be part of the rituals and ceremonies performed and of the stories people told each other.

Stories have been told by all societies throughout human history. Storytelling occurred when human societies were all nomadic and foragers and have continued to the present. There is evidence of very ancient stories in much of the folklore from societies through all parts of the world. Much of this ancient folklore is retold in what are now children’s fairy tales and stories of heroes.

With the development of writing, stories started to be documented for others to read. The Greeks and Romans even wrote down plays that reflected their oral traditions; some that are still extant today. In the early part of the twentieth century motion pictures (movies) started telling stories, both old and new. But even the new stories had elements from the past. Today, some of us sit around campfires listening or telling stories, but most of us sit around our digital campfires—televisions and computers—watching stories. As with our books and movies, many of these stories reflect elements of our own and others’ oral traditions.

Think about the movies, television shows, or even plays that you’ve seen recently. Some of them are simply entertainment: to make you laugh, cry, or even scare you. But others can be of educational or inspirational value. An example is the movie Schindler’s List, the story of a man who saved many Jewish people from the Nazi Holocaust during World War II. The movie told people about a little-known man—one who should be known and remembered for his heroism. The movie will continue to educate people about the Holocaust for generations to come, much like the plays of Shakespeare continue to inform us about Elizabethan England. The film also inspires people.

(Adapted from “Exploring Movie Construction and Production” by John Reich)

 

Question 81: What is the oldest form of art?

A. painting B. movies C. music D. storytelling

Question 82: When did humans start using speech?

A. 60,000 years ago B. 100,000 years ago

C. 80,000 years ago D. 20,000 years ago

Question 83: Where was the evidence of humans’ ritual behavior found?

A. in human habitation and burial sites B. in habitual caves

C. in human habitation D. in burials sites

Question 84: Humans are found to have ritual behavior ______.

A. from 60,000 to 80,000 years ago B. for 100,000 years

C. 100,000 years ago D. over 80,000 years ago

Question 85: Where could symbolic language be seen in humans’ life?

A. rituals and ceremonies B. rituals and stories

C. rituals, ceremonies, and symbolic behavior D. rituals, ceremonies, and stories

Question 86: In the human history, storytelling has been present in ______ human societies.

A. some B. many C. all D. few

Question 87: Storytelling began in societies that ______.

A. live the life of a nomad B. settle down permanently

C. rely on hunting for living D. have rich oral heritage

Question 88: According to passage 2, ancient stories are manifested in ______ nowadays.

A. movies and music lyrics B .fairy tales and stories of heroes

C. stories of heroes and music lyrics D. movies and documentaries

Question 89: What did the Greek and Romans use to keep their oral stories?

A. songs B. plays C. paintings D. books

Question 90: What are considered as digital campfires according to passage 3?

A. televisions and computers B. television and radio

C. computers and radio D. computers and cellphones

Question 91: Humans document their oral traditions in ______.

A. stories, books, and movies B. stories

C. books and movies D. books

Question 92: According to passage 4, movies can be ______.

A. entertaining B. educational C. inspirational D. all of the above

Question 93: The movie Schindler’s List is given as an example of a movie that is ______.

A. entertaining B. educational and informative

C. both entertaining and educational D. educational and inspirational

Question 94: The movie Schindler’s List portray a man in _____ for his heroism.

A. World War II B. World War I C. Shakespeare’s time D. Elizabeth era

1
17 tháng 5 2021

Question 81: What is the oldest form of art?

A. painting B. movies C. music D. storytelling

Question 82: When did humans start using speech?

A. 60,000 years ago B. 100,000 years ago

C. 80,000 years ago D. 20,000 years ago

Question 83: Where was the evidence of humans’ ritual behavior found?

A. in human habitation and burial sites B. in habitual caves

C. in human habitation D. in burials sites

Question 84: Humans are found to have ritual behavior ______.

A. from 60,000 to 80,000 years ago B. for 100,000 years

C. 100,000 years ago D. over 80,000 years ago

Question 85: Where could symbolic language be seen in humans’ life?

A. rituals and ceremonies B. rituals and stories

C. rituals, ceremonies, and symbolic behavior D. rituals, ceremonies, and stories

Question 86: In the human history, storytelling has been present in ______ human societies.

A. some B. many C. all D. few

Question 87: Storytelling began in societies that ______.

A. live the life of a nomad B. settle down permanently

C. rely on hunting for living D. have rich oral heritage

Question 88: According to passage 2, ancient stories are manifested in ______ nowadays.

A. movies and music lyrics B .fairy tales and stories of heroes

C. stories of heroes and music lyrics D. movies and documentaries

Question 89: What did the Greek and Romans use to keep their oral stories?

A. songs B. plays C. paintings D. books

Question 90: What are considered as digital campfires according to passage 3?

A. televisions and computers B. television and radio

C. computers and radio D. computers and cellphones

Question 91: Humans document their oral traditions in ______.

A. stories, books, and movies B. stories

C. books and movies D. books

Question 92: According to passage 4, movies can be ______.

A. entertaining B. educational C. inspirational D. all of the above

Question 93: The movie Schindler’s List is given as an example of a movie that is ______.

A. entertaining B. educational and informative

C. both entertaining and educational D. educational and inspirational

Question 94: The movie Schindler’s List portray a man in _____ for his heroism.

A. World War II B. World War I C. Shakespeare’s time D. Elizabeth era

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions below. Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer,...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions below.

Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings.

When writing did develop, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly. Even today there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk. a normal human being cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so only imperfectly.

To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter. One advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that any civilization must have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized.

In order to show that learning to write requires effort, the author gives the example of ______.

A. people who learn the rudiments of speech

B. severely handicapped children

C. intelligent people who couldn’t write

D. people who speak many languages

1
19 tháng 12 2017

C

Để thể hiên rằng học viết cần phải nỗ lực, tác giả đưa ra ví dụ về ___________

A. những người tìm hiểu nguyên lý cơ bản của lời nói

B. trẻ em khuyết tật nặng

C. những người thông minh không thể viết

D. những người nói nhiều ngôn ngữ

Dẫn chứng: “On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill……..,”

Tạm dịch: mặt khác, nó cần một nỗ lực đặc biệt để học viết. Trong quá khứ nhiều thành viên thông minh và hữu ích của xã hội đã không có được kỹ năng đó…..,

Đáp án C

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions below.     Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer,...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions below.

     Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings.

     When writing did develop, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly. Even today there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk. a normal human being cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so only imperfectly.

     To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter. One advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that any civilization must have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized.

 

In order to show that learning to write requires effort, the author gives the example of ______.

A. people who learn the rudiments of speech

B. severely handicapped children

C. intelligent people who couldn’t write 

D. people who speak many languages

1
28 tháng 3 2019

Đáp án C

Để thể hiên rằng học viết cần phải nỗ lực, tác giả đưa ra ví dụ về ___________

A. những người tìm hiểu nguyên lý cơ bản của lời nói

B. trẻ em khuyết tật nặng

C. những người thông minh không thể viết

D. những người nói nhiều ngôn ngữ

Dẫn chứng: “On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill……..,”

Tạm dịch: mặt khác, nó cần một nỗ lực đặc biệt để học viết. Trong quá khứ nhiều thành viên thông minh và hữu ích của xã hội đã không có được kỹ năng đó…..,

Đáp án C

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions below.Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer,...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions below.

Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings.

When writing did develop, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly. Even today there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk. a normal human being cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so only imperfectly.

To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter. One advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that any civilization must have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized.

 

In order to show that learning to write requires effort, the author gives the example of _______.

A. people who learn the rudiments of speech

B. severely handicapped children

C. intelligent people who couldn’t write

D. people who speak many languages

1
26 tháng 9 2017

Đáp án C

Để chứng minh rằng việc học viết cần nỗ lực, tác giả đưa ra ví dụ của.

A. những người học những lời thô lỗ của bài phát biểu

B. trẻ em tàn tật nặng

C. những người thông minh không thể viết

D. những người nói nhiều ngôn ngữ

A. dễ dàng

B. quá khó

C. không dễ dàng

D. rất dễ

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions below.Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show w hy speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer,...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions below.

Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show w hy speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings.

When writing did develop, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly. Even today there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk: a normal human being cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so only imperfectly.

To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter. One advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that any civilization must have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized.

In order to show that learning to write requires effort, the author gives the example of _________.

A. people who learn the rudiments of speech

B. severely handicapped children

C. intelligent people who couldn’t write

D. people who speak many languages

1
25 tháng 7 2018

Đáp án C

Để thể hiên rằng học viết cần phải nỗ lực, tác giả đưa ra ví dụ về → những người thông minh không thể viết

In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions below.Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer,...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions below.

Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings.

When writing did develop, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly. Even today there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk. a normal human being cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so only imperfectly.

To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter. One advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that any civilization must have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized.

In order to show that learning to write requires effort, the author gives the example of ______.

A. people who learn the rudiments of speech

B. severely handicapped children

C. intelligent people who couldn’t write

D. people who speak many languages

1
1 tháng 5 2019

Để thể hiên rằng học viết cần phải nỗ lực, tác giả đưa ra ví dụ về ___________

A. những người tìm hiểu nguyên lý cơ bản của lời nói

B. trẻ em khuyết tật nặng

C. những người thông minh không thể viết

D. những người nói nhiều ngôn ngữ

Dẫn chứng: “On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill……..,”

      Tạm dịch: mặt khác, nó cần một nỗ lực đặc biệt để học viết. Trong quá khứ nhiều thành viên thông minh và hữu ích của xã hội đã không có được kỹ năng đó…..,

Đáp án C

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50Archaeological records - paintings, drawings and carvings of humans engaged in activities involving the use of hands - indicate that humans have been predominantly right-handed for more than 5,000 years. In ancient Egyptian artwork, for example, the right hand is depicted as the dominant one in about 90 percent of the examples. Fracture or wear...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50

Archaeological records - paintings, drawings and carvings of humans engaged in activities involving the use of hands - indicate that humans have been predominantly right-handed for more than 5,000 years. In ancient Egyptian artwork, for example, the right hand is depicted as the dominant one in about 90 percent of the examples. Fracture or wear patterns on tools also indicate that a majority of ancient people were right-handed. Cro-Magnon cave paintings some 27,000 years old commonly show outlines of human hands made by placing one hand against the cave wall and applying paint with the other. Children today make similar outlines of their hands with crayons on paper. With few exceptions, left hands of CroMagnons are displayed on cave walls, indicating that the paintings were usually done by right-handers.

Anthropological evidence pushes the record of handedness in early human ancestors back to at least 1.4 million years ago. One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in tool making: implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from those flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker).

Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present-day Inuit. Occasionally the knives slip and leave scratches on the users' teeth. Scratches made with a left-to-right stroke direction (by right-handers) are more common than scratches in the opposite direction (made by lefthanders).

Still other evidence comes from cranial morphology: scientists think that physical differences between the right and left sides of the interior of the skull indicate subtle physical differences between the two sides of the brain. The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities. Such studies, as well as studies of tool use, indicate that right- or leftsided dominance is not exclusive to modern Homo sapiens. Population of Neanderthals, such as Homo erectus and Homo Habilis, seem to have been predominantly right-handed, as we are.

Which of the following conclusions is suggested by the evidence from cranial morphology?

A. Differences in the hemispheres of the brain probably came about relatively recently

B. There may be a link between handedness and differences in the brain's hemispheres

C. Left-handedness was somewhat more common among Neanderthals

D.Variation between the brain hemispheres was not evident in the skulls of Home Erectus and Home Habilis

1
7 tháng 2 2019

Đáp án B

Kết luận nào sau đây được đề xuất bởi các bằng chứng từ hình thái sọ?

A. Sự khác nhau giữa bán cầu não có lẽ xảy ra khá là gần đây.

B. Có một sự liên kết giữa việc thuận tay phải và sự khác nhauở bán cầu não.

C. Thuận tay trái khá là phổ biến hơn ở Neanderthals.

 D. Sự khác nhau giữa các bán cầu não thì không rõ ràng trong hộp sọ của người nguyên thủy đi bằng hai chân và người nguyên thủy biết sử dụng công cụ.

Dẫn chứng: The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions below.Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show w hy speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer,...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions below.

Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show w hy speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings.

When writing did develop, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly. Even today there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk: a normal human being cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so only imperfectly.

To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter. One advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that any civilization must have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized.

We sometimes think of writing as more real than speech because ______.

A. writing is secondary to language

B. human beings have been writing for at least 5000 years

C. it has become very important in our culture

D. people have been writing since there have been human beings

1
30 tháng 1 2019

Đáp án C

Chúng ta thường nghĩ viết thật hơn nói bởi vì → nó rất quan trọng trong nền văn hóa của chúng ta.

Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions below. Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer,...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions below.

Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings.

When writing did develop, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly. Even today there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk. a normal human being cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so only imperfectly.

To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter. One advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that any civilization must have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized.

We sometimes think of writing as more real than speech because ______.

A. writing is secondary to language

B. human beings have been writing for at least 5000 years

C. it has become very important in our culture

D. people have been writing since there have been human beings

1
16 tháng 7 2018

C

Chúng ta thường nghĩ viết thật hơn nói bởi vì_________

A. viết là ngôn ngữ thứ yếu

B. con người đã viết trong ít nhất 5000 năm

C. nó rất quan trọng trong nền văn hóa của chúng ta.

D. Mọi người đã viết kể từ khi có con người

Dẫn chứng: Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech.”

Tạm dịch: Bởi vì viết trở nên rất quan trọng trong nền văn hóa của chúng ta, đôi khi chúng ta nghĩ về nó thực hơn lời nói

Đáp án C

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 39 to 46. Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 39 to 46.

Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings.

When writing did develop, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly. Even today there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk: a normal human being cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so only imperfectly.

To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter. One advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that any civilization must have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized.

We sometimes think of writing as more real than speech because ______.

A. it has become very important in our culture

B. people have been writing since there have been human beings

C. writing is secondary to language

D. human beings have been writing for at least 5000 years

1
6 tháng 7 2017

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Chúng ta thường nghĩ viết thật hơn nói bởi vì_________.

A. nó rất quan trọng trong nền văn hóa của chúng ta                    B. con người đã viết kể từ khi có con người

C. viết là ngôn ngữ thứ yếu                                                              D. con người đã viết trong ít nhất 5000 năm

Thông tin: Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech.

Tạm dịch: Bởi vì viết trở nên rất quan trọng trong nền văn hóa của chúng ta, đôi khi chúng ta nghĩ về nó thực hơn lời nói.

Chọn A

Dịch bài đọc:

Bởi vì viết trở nên rất quan trọng trong nền văn hóa của chúng ta, đôi khi chúng ta nghĩ về nó thực hơn lời nói. Tuy nhiên, suy nghĩ một chút sẽ thấy tại sao lời nói lại là chủ yếu và viết là thứ yếu với ngôn ngữ. Con người đã viết (như chúng ta có thể nói từ bằng chứng còn sót lại) ít nhất 5000 năm; nhưng học đã nói chuyện lâu hơn thế, chắc chắn kể từ khi có con người.

Khi viết đã phát triển, nó được bắt nguồn từ và thể hiện lời nói, mặc dù không hoàn hảo. Thậm chí ngày nay, có ngôn ngữ nói được mà không có hình thức viết. Hơn nữa, tất cả chúng ta học cách nói tốt trước khi chúng ta học viết; bất kỳ đứa trẻ nào mà không bị khuyết tật nghiêm trọng về thể chất hay tinh thần sẽ học nói: một người bình thường không thể bị ngăn cản làm việc đó. Mặt khác, nó cần một nỗ lực đặc biệt để học viết. Trong quá khứ nhiều thành viên thông minh và hữu ích của xã hội đã không có được kỹ năng đó, và ngay cả ngày nay nhiều người nói ngôn ngữ với hệ thống viết cũng không bao giờ học đọc hoặc viết, trong khi một số người tìm hiểu những nguyên lý cơ bản của những kỹ năng này làm như vậy chỉ không hoàn hảo.

Tuy nhiên, để kh ng định tính ưu việt của lời nói vượt trên viết không phải là chê bai cái sau. Một lợi thế mà viết có trên lời nói là nó lâu dài hơn và làm có thể các ghi ch p mà bất kỳ nền văn minh nào cũng phải có. Do đó, nếu nói làm chúng ta người hơn, viết lại làm cho chúng ta văn minh.