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PART 3: READING 1. Fill in the blank with a word/ phrase in the box.
Traffic congestion in many cities around the world is severe. One possible solution to this problem is to impose heavy taxes on car drivers and use this money to make public transport better. This essay will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of such a measure.
One of the first benefits of such a measure is that the heavy taxes would discourage car owners from using their cars because it would become very expensive to drive. This would mean that they would begin to make use of public transport instead, thus reducing traffic problems and pollution as well. Another benefit would be that much more use would be made of public transport if it was improved. It is often the case that public transport in cities is very poor. For example, we often see old buses and trains that people would rather not use. High taxes would generate enough money to make the necessary changes.
2. Read the passage and answer the questions.
1. The device was made in response to the desire by a Select Committee to use railway signals on highways
2. The light was called semaphone
3. Because Knight's invention was not to last long. After only a month of use the device exploded and injured the police officer who was operating the light
4. The arms where eight feet above ground
5. B
2. Read the passage and answer the questions.The first traffic control device appeared near the British House of Parliament at the intersection of George and Bridge Streets. The device was made in response to the desire by a Select Committee to use railway signals on highways. The device had lights and it used arms which extended outwards. It was operated manually by a police officer. The signal was 22 feet high and crowned with a gas light. The light was called semaphore and had arms that would extend horizontally that commanded drivers to "Stop" and then the arms would lower to a 45 degrees angle to tell drivers to proceed with "Caution". At night a red light would command "Stop" and a green light wouldmean use "Caution".The man behind this new and different invention was John Peake Knight a railroad engineer. The main reason for the traffic light was that there was an overflow of horse-drawn traffic over Westminster Bridge which forced thousands of pedestrians to walk next to the house of Parliament. But Knight's invention was not to last long. After only a month of use the device exploded and injured the police officer who was operating the light. In the first two decades of the 20th century semaphore traffic signals, like the one in London, were in use all over the United States with each state having its own design of the device. One good example was from Toledo, Ohio in 1908. The words "Stop" and "Go" were in white on a green background and the lights had red and green lenses illuminated by kerosene lamps for night travelers and the arms where eight feet above ground. Controlled by a traffic officer who would blow a whistle before changing the commands on this signal to help alert travelers of the change, the design was also used in Philadelphia and Detroit. The example in Ohio was the first time America tried to use a more visible form of traffic control that evolved the use of semaphore. The device that was used in Ohio was designed based on the use of railroad signals.
1. What was the main purpose of making the first traffic control device?
Because there was an overflow of horse-drawn traffic over Westminster Bridge
2. What was the light operated manually by a police officer called?
the semaphore
3. Why wasn't John Peake Knight's invention to last long?
Because after only a month of use the device exploded and injured the police officer who was operating the light
4. How tall were the arms of the traffic lights used in Ohio in 1908?
eight feet
5. The Westminster Bridge is in .
A. America B. England C. Brazil D. Canada
Traffic congestion in many (1) cities around the world is severe. One possible solution to this (2) problem is to impose heavy taxes on car drivers and use this money to make public transport better. One of the first benefits of such a measure is that the heavy taxes would (3) discourage car owners from using their cars because it would become very (4) expensive to drive. This would mean that they would begin to make use of public (5) transport instead, thus reducing traffic problems and (6) pollution as well. Another benefit would be that much more use would be made of public transport if it was improved. It is often the case that public transport in cities is very poor. For (7) example , we often see old buses and (8) trains that people would rather not use. High taxes would generate enough money to make the necessary changes.
Every day on radio, on TV, and in the newspapers, we hear, see, or read about many problems in the world, for example, pollution problems. Air pollution is the first kind. It mostly comes from fumes released from motorbikes, cars, airplanes, trains, and poisonous gases emitted from factories. Also, waste is dumped anywhere, even in the city where many people are living. The second pollution problem is sea pollution. Many people earn their living from fishing in the sea, and the fish they catch feed many people. But the sea has become so polluted from oil spills and factory wastes that the fish are dying. This pollution is not only killing the fish, but also affecting those people who eat fish. Seldom do you find a place nowadays that is not polluted. This problem is growing more difficult every day. We must find a good solution that makes the world a better place to live.
T or F
1. pollution is becoming a serious problem nowadays. T
2. vehicles and industries are among the causes of air pollution. T
3. sea pollution does not affect us at all. F
4. only major cities are affected by pollution F
Mỗi ngày trên đài phát thanh, trên TV và trên các tờ báo, chúng ta nghe, nhìn hoặc đọc về nhiều vấn đề trên thế giới, ví dụ, các vấn đề ô nhiễm. Ô nhiễm không khí là loại đầu tiên. Nó chủ yếu đến từ khói thải ra từ xe máy, ô tô, máy bay, tàu hỏa và khí độc phát ra từ các nhà máy. Ngoài ra, chất thải được đổ ở bất cứ đâu, ngay cả trong thành phố nơi có nhiều người sinh sống. Vấn đề ô nhiễm thứ hai là ô nhiễm biển. Nhiều người kiếm sống bằng nghề đánh bắt cá trên biển và con cá họ bắt được cho nhiều người ăn. Nhưng biển đã trở nên ô nhiễm từ sự cố tràn dầu và chất thải nhà máy đến nỗi cá đang chết dần. Ô nhiễm này không chỉ giết chết cá mà còn ảnh hưởng đến những người ăn cá. Ít khi bạn tìm thấy một nơi không bị ô nhiễm. Vấn đề này đang trở nên khó khăn hơn mỗi ngày. Chúng ta phải tìm một giải pháp tốt làm cho thế giới trở thành một nơi tốt hơn để sống
Nguồn: google dịchMỗi ngày trên đài phát thanh, trên TV và trên các tờ báo, chúng ta nghe, nhìn hoặc đọc về nhiều vấn đề trên thế giới, ví dụ, các vấn đề ô nhiễm. Ô nhiễm không khí là loại đầu tiên. Nó chủ yếu đến từ khói thải ra từ xe máy, ô tô, máy bay, tàu hỏa và khí độc phát ra từ các nhà máy. Ngoài ra, chất thải được đổ ở bất cứ đâu, ngay cả trong thành phố nơi có nhiều người sinh sống. Vấn đề ô nhiễm thứ hai là ô nhiễm biển. Nhiều người kiếm sống bằng nghề đánh bắt cá trên biển và con cá họ bắt được cho nhiều người ăn. Nhưng biển đã trở nên ô nhiễm từ sự cố tràn dầu và chất thải nhà máy đến nỗi cá đang chết dần. Ô nhiễm này không chỉ giết chết cá mà còn ảnh hưởng đến những người ăn cá. Ít khi bạn tìm thấy một nơi không bị ô nhiễm. Vấn đề này đang trở nên khó khăn hơn mỗi ngày. Chúng ta phải tìm một giải pháp tốt làm cho thế giới trở thành một nơi tốt hơn để sống.
Read the following passage and answer the questions.
Every day on radio, on TV, and in the newspaper, we hear, see or read about many problems in the world, for example, pollution problems.
Air pollution is the first kind. It mostly comes from fumes released from motorbikes, cars, airplanes, trains and posonous gases emitted from factories. Also, waste is dumped anywhere, even in the city where many people are living. The second pollution problem is sea pollution. Many people earn their living from fishing in the sea, and the fish they catch feed many people. But the sea has become so polluted from oil spills and factory wastes that the fish are dying. This pollution is not only killing the fish, but is also affecting those people who eat fish.
Seldom do you find a place nowadays that is not polluted. This problem is growing more difficult every day. We must find a good solution that makes the world a better place to live.
1. How often can we hear, see and read about problems in the world?
➝ Everyday
2. What causes the air pollution?
➝ It comes from fumes released from motorbikes, cars, airplanes, trains and posonous gases emitted from factories; and waste is dumped anywhere.
3. Why has the sea become polluted?
➝ Because of oil spills and factory wastes
4. Can we easily find a clean place nowadays?
➝ No, we can't
5. What should we do to make the world a better place to live?
➝ We must find a good solution
Đáp án A.
Giải thích: Loại invent (phát minh) ngay từ đầu vì không hợp nghĩa. Mặc dù cả 3 từ cause, result và lead đều mang nghĩa dẫn đến kết quả gì đó nhưng lại có cách dung khác nhau.
Tạm dịch: The volume of traffic in many citites in the world today continues to expand. This ________ many problems: Lượng giao thông ở nhiều thành phố hiện nay đang tiếp tục tăng cao. Điều này ________ nhiều vấn đề…
VI: Read the following passage carefully and then decide if the statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (R)
Big cities have problems with, crowded streets, congested traffic, noise and air pollution. Every day, thousands of vehicles fill the streets, especially. during rush hours. The large numbers of cars, buses and trucks cause so much congestion. No vehicles can move in any direction. Parking' is another problem. There are not enough parking facilities, and when cars try to park on the streets, there is not enough room for traffic. Finally, the traffic adds to the problem of air and noise pollution.
1. In big cities, there is a lot of traffic during rush hours. .......T........
2. It is not difficult to park cars on the streets in big cities....F........
3. The traffic also causes air and noise pollution.. .....T...........
4. Cars, buses and trucks cause little congestion......F......
Trains Discourager Transport Expensive Example Problem Citie Pollution ______________________________
Traffic congestion in many (1) ___cities_______ around the world is severe. One possible solution to this (2) ____problem______ is to impose heavy taxes on car drivers and use this money to make public transport better. One of the first benefits of such a measure is that the heavy taxes would (3) _____discourage_____ car owners from using their cars because it would become very (4) _____expensive_____ to drive. This would mean that they would begin to make use of public (5) ______transport____ instead, thus reducing traffic problems and (6) ____pollution______ as well. Another benefit would be that much more use would be made of public transport if it was improved. It is often the case that public transport in cities is very poor. For (7) _____example_____ , we often see old buses and (8) ____trains______ that people would rather not use. High taxes would generate enough money to make the necessary changes.
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