tìm max p=ab biết a,b thỏa mãn a+2b=1
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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$P\leq \frac{ab}{2\sqrt{a^2b^2}}=\frac{ab}{2ab}=\frac{1}{2}$
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b$ (thay vào điều kiện $2b\leq ab+4\Leftrightarrow a^2+4\geq 2a$- cũng luôn đúng)
1,\(T=a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)=20\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)=\)
\(=10\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+10\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\ge10\left(a-b\right)^2+5.\left(a+b\right)^2\ge0+5.20^2=2000\)
2,a,\(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b-1}+\sqrt{c-2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-2\sqrt{a}+b-2\sqrt{b-1}+c-2\sqrt{c-2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-2\sqrt{a}+1+b-1-2\sqrt{b-1}+1+c-2+2\sqrt{c-2}+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b-1}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{c-2}-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=1\\b=2\\c=3\end{cases}}\)
b,sai đề
Xét \(\frac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\Rightarrow10\ge\sqrt{ab}\Leftrightarrow100\ge ab\)
\(T=a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)=20\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)=20\left[a^2+2ab+b^2-3ab\right]=20\left(20\right)^2-6ab\)
\(T\ge20.20^2-6.100=7400\)
Ta có: \(P=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+2c}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{bc+2a}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{ca+2b}}\)
\(P=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+\left(a+b+c\right)c}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{bc+\left(a+b+c\right)a}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{ca+\left(a+b+c\right)b}}\)
\(P=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(b+a\right)\left(c+a\right)}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\)
\(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)}.\frac{ab}{\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{b+a}.\frac{bc}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{c+b}.\frac{ca}{a+b}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{bc}{b+a}+\frac{bc}{c+a}+\frac{ca}{c+b}+\frac{ca}{a+b}\right)=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=1\)
Vậy Max P=1 khi \(a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(P=\Sigma\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+2c}}=\Sigma\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+\left(a+b+c\right)c}}=\Sigma\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}.\Sigma\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)\) \(=\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(a+b+c\right)=1\)
Áp dụng Côsi:
\(2.\frac{4}{3}.\sqrt{2a+bc}\le\left(\frac{4}{3}\right)^2+2a+bc\)
Tương tự: \(2.\frac{4}{3}\sqrt{2b+ca}\le\frac{16}{9}+2b+ca;2.\frac{4}{3}\sqrt{2c+ab}\le\frac{16}{9}+2c+ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{8}{3}Q\le\frac{16}{3}+2\left(a+b+c\right)+bc+ca+ab=\frac{28}{3}+ab+bc+ca\)
Ta có: \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+ab+bc+ca\)
\(\le2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2=4\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{8}{3}Q\le\frac{28}{3}+\frac{4}{3}=\frac{32}{3}\Rightarrow Q\le4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}\)
Dặt x=a, y=2b,z=3c
Khi đó
\(P=\frac{yz}{\sqrt{x+yz}}+\frac{xz}{\sqrt{y+xz}}+\frac{xy}{\sqrt{z+xy}}\)và x+y+z=1
Ta có \(\frac{yz}{\sqrt{x+yz}}=\frac{yz}{\sqrt{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}}=\frac{yz}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}yz\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\right)\)
=> \(P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{xz}{x+y}+\frac{yz}{x+y}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{xy}{y+z}+\frac{xz}{y+z}\right)+...=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(MaxP=\frac{1}{2}\)khi x=y=z=1/3 hay \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=\frac{1}{3}\\b=\frac{1}{6}\\c=\frac{1}{9}\end{cases}}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-2=x\ge0\\b=y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow2y+4=\left(x+2\right)y\Rightarrow xy=4\)
\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2+2x}}{x+1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y^2+2y}}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{2x\left(x+2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}\left(x+1\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2y\left(y+2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}\left(y+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{x+1+y+1}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{3x+2}{x+1}+\dfrac{3y+2}{y+1}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}\right)\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(3-\dfrac{1}{x+1}+3-\dfrac{1}{y+1}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}\right)\)
\(P\le\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}=\dfrac{x+y+2}{xy+x+y+1}=\dfrac{x+y+2}{x+y+5}=1-\dfrac{3}{x+y+5}\ge1-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{xy}+5}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{4}.\dfrac{2}{3}=...\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=2\) hay \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(4;2\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(P=\frac{1}{\left(a+2\right)+\left(a+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)+\left(c+2\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c+2\right)+\left(c+2\right)+\left(a+2\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{2}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}\right)+\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{2}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+2}\right)+\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{2}{c+2}+\frac{1}{a+2}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+2}\right)\)
Dễ dàng cm BĐT \(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}\ge\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{xy}}\)
\(\frac{1}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1+\frac{a}{2}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{b}{2}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{c}{2}}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{1+\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{8}}}=\frac{3}{4}\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4}\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
À viết ngược dấu BĐT phụ r` :v
\(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}\le\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{xy}}\) mới đúng nhé :v
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(\sqrt{xy}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)}\le0\)
1) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM và bất đẳng thức Schwarz:
\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{3a+b}\ge8\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).
2.
\(4=a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\sqrt{2}\)
Đồng thời \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge a^2+b^2\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)
\(M\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) (với \(x=a+b\Rightarrow2\le x\le2\sqrt{2}\) )
\(M\le\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}-\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1\)
\(M\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-x\right)\left(x+4-2\sqrt{2}\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\sqrt{2}\) hay \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)
3. Chia 2 vế giả thiết cho \(x^2y^2\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le4\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le16\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Từ đề bài suy ra \(0< a,b,c< 1\)
Ta có: \(P=a^2.\left(b^2.c^2\right).\left(b.c\right)\le a^2.\frac{\left(b^2+c^2\right)^2}{4}.\frac{b^2+c^2}{2}\)
\(=a^2.\frac{\left(b^2+c^2\right)^3}{8}=\frac{a^2\left(1-a^2\right)^3}{8}\)
Đặt \(1\ge a^2=t\ge0\). Khi đó \(P=\frac{t\left(1-t\right)^3}{8}=\frac{3t\left(1-t\right)\left(1-t\right)\left(1-t\right)}{24}\)
\(\le\frac{\left(\frac{3t+1-t+1-t+1-t}{4}\right)^4}{24}=\frac{27}{2048}\)
Dấu bằng tự xét!
\(a.2b\le\frac{\left(a+2b\right)^2}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\)\(\Rightarrow ab\le\frac{1}{8}\)
Vậy max \(p=ab=\frac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+2b=1\\a=2b\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}a=\frac{1}{2}\\b=\frac{1}{4}\end{cases}}.\)