chứng minh rằng a=b=c nếu có 1 trong các điều kiện sau:
a,a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca
b,(a+b+c)^2=3(a^2+b^2+c^2)
c,(a+b+c)^2=3(ab+ac+bc)
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`1)(a+b+c)^2=3(a^2+b^2+c^2)`
`<=>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3a^2+3b^2+3c^2`
`<=>2ab+2bc+2ca=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2`
`<=>a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2=0`
`<=>(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0`
Mà `(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2>=0`
Vậy dấu "=" xảy ra chỉ có thể là `a=b=c`
`2)(a+b+c)^2=3(ab+bc+ca)`
`<=>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3ab+3bc+3ca`
`<=>a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca`
`<=>2ab+2bc+2ca=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2`
`<=>a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2=0`
`<=>(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0`
Mà `(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2>=0`
Vậy dấu "=" xảy ra chỉ có thể là `a=b=c`
Vậy nếu `a=b=c` thì ....
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô si cho hai số dương ta có:
(a2 + b2) + (b2 + c2) + (c2 + a2) ≥ 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
=> 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) ≥ 2 (ab + bc + ca) (1) (a2 + 1) + (b2 + c2) + (c2 + a2) ≥ 2a + 2b + 2c
=> a2 + b2 + c2 + 3 ≥ 2(a + b + c) (2)
Cộng các vế của (1) và (2) ta có:
3 ( a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 3 ≥ 2 (ab + bc + ca + a + b + c)
=> 3( a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 3 ≥ 12 => a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ 3.
Ta có: (a^3/b + ab ) + ( b^3/c + bc ) + ( c^3/a + ca)≥ 2(a2 + b2 + c2) (CÔ SI)
<=>a^3/b + b^3/c + c^3/a +ab + bc + ac ≥ 2(a2 + b2 + c2)
Vì a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ ab + bc + ca => a^3 + b^3 + c^3 ≥ a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ 3 (đpcm).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô-si cho hai số dương ta có:
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)+\left(c^2+a^2\right)\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (1)
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)+\left(c^2+a^2\right)\ge2a+2b+2c\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\) (2)
Cộng (1) với (2)
\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca+a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3\ge12\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+ab\right)+\left(\dfrac{b^3}{c}+bc\right)+\left(\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ca\right)\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ab+bc+ca\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
Vì \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\) (đpcm).
a) Ta có: a2+b2+c2=ab+bc+ca
=>2(a2+b2+c2)=2(ab+bc+ca)
<=>2a2+2b2+2c2=2ab+2bc+2ca
<=>2a2+2b2+2c2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0
<=>a2+a2+b2+b2+c2+c2-2ab-2bc=2ca=0
<=>(aa-2ab+b2)+(b2-2bc+b2)+(a2-2ca+c2)=0
<=>(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(a-c)2=0
=>hoặc (a-b)2=0 hoặc (b-c)2=0 hoặc (a-c)2=0<=>a-b=0 hoặc b-c=0 hoặc a-c=0<=>a=b hoặc b=c hoặc a=c
=>a=b=c
a) Ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2=0\) (1)
Ta có: (a-b)2 \(\geq\) 0; (b-c)2 \(\geq\) 0; (a-c)2 \(\geq\) 0 (2)
(1)(2) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\begin{cases} (a-b)^{2}=0\\ (b-c)^{2}=0\\ (a-c)^{2}=0 \end{cases} \) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases} a-b=0\\ b-c=0\\ a-c=0 \end{cases} \) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases} a=b\\ b=c\\ a=c \end{cases} \) \(\Leftrightarrow\) a=b=c
b) Ta có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc=3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(3a^2+3b^2+3c^2-a^2-b^2-c^2-2ac-2bc-2ab=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2=0\)
Ta có: (a-b)2 \(\geq\) 0; (b-c)2 \(\geq\) 0; (a-c)2 \(\geq\) 0 (2)
(1)(2) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\begin{cases} (a-b)^{2}=0\\ (b-c)^{2}=0\\ (a-c)^{2}=0 \end{cases} \) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases} a-b=0\\ b-c=0\\ a-c=0 \end{cases} \) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases} a=b\\ b=c\\ a=c \end{cases} \) \(\Leftrightarrow\) a=b=c
c. Ta có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc=3ab+3bc+3ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac-3ab-3bc-3ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(a^2-2bc+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2=0\)
Ta có: (a-b)2 \(\geq\) 0; (b-c)2 \(\geq\) 0; (a-c)2 \(\geq\) 0 (2)
(1)(2) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\begin{cases} (a-b)^{2}=0\\ (b-c)^{2}=0\\ (a-c)^{2}=0 \end{cases} \) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases} a-b=0\\ b-c=0\\ a-c=0 \end{cases} \) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases} a=b\\ b=c\\ a=c \end{cases} \) \(\Leftrightarrow\) a=b=c
Chúc bạn học tốt
Học tại nhà - Toán - Bài 7: CMR: a = b = c nếu có 1 trong các điều kiện sau:1/ a2 + b2 + c2 = ab + bc + ca.2/ (a + b + c)2 = 3(a2 + b2 + c2)3/ (a + b + c)2 = 3 (ab + bc + ca).
a) \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2ab+2bc+2ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ac+a^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}a=b=c}\)
=> ĐPCM
b) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2a^2-2b^2-2c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}a=b=c}\)
=> ĐPCM
c) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=3ab+3bc+3ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}a=b=c}\)
=> ĐPCM
a) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc=3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}a=b=c}\)
b) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc=3ab+3ac+3bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc-3ab-3ac-3bc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}a=b=c}\)
(Nhớ k cho mình với nhé!)
a)a2+b2+c2+3=2(a+b+c)
=>a2+b2+c2+1+1+1-2a-2b-2c=0
=>(a2-2a+1)+(b2-2b+1)+(c2-2c+1)=0
=>(a-1)2+(b-1)2+(c-1)2=0
=>a-1=b-1=c-1=0 <=>a=b=c=1
-->Đpcm
b)(a+b+c)2=3(ab+ac+bc)
=>a2+b2+c2+2ab+2ac+2bc -3ab-3ac-3bc=0
=>a2+b2+c2-ab-ac-bc=0
=>2a2+2b2+2c2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0
=>(a2- 2ab+b2)+(b2-2bc+c2) + (c2-2ca+a2) = 0
=>(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2=0
Hay (a-b)2=0 hoặc (b-c)2=0 hoặc (a-c)2=0
=>a-b hoặc b=c hoặc a=c
=>a=b=c
-->Đpcm
c)a2+b2+c2=ab+bc+ca
=>2(a2+b2+c2)=2(ab+bc+ca)
=>2a2+2b2+c2=2ab+2bc+2ca
=>2a2+2b2+c2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0
=>a2+a2+b2+b2+c2+c2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0
=>(a2-2ab+b2)+(b2-2bc+c2)+(a2-2ca+c2)=0
=>(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(a-c)2=0
Hay (a-b)2=0 hoặc (b-c)2=0 hoặc (a-c)2=0
=>a-b hoặc b=c hoặc a=c
=>a=b=c
-->Đpcm
a,Ta có: a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = ab + bc + ca
<=> 2.a^2 + 2.b^2 + 2.c^2 = 2.ab + 2.bc + 2.ca
<=> ( a^2 - 2ab + b^2 ) + ( b^2 - 2bc +c^2 ) + ( c^2 - 2ac + a^2 ) =0
<=> (a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (c -a)^2 =0 (1)
Vì (a-b)^2≧0 ; (b-c)^2≧0 ; (c -a)^2 ≧ 0 với mọi a,b,c.
=> (a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (c -a)^2 ≧ 0 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) :
=>a - b = 0; b - c = 0 ; c - a = 0 => a=b=c
Vậy a=b=c.
b,Ta có:(a+b+c)^2=3(a^2+b^2+c^2)
<=>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc=3a^2+3b^2+3c^2
<=>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc-3a^2-3b^2-3c^2=0
<=>-2a^2-2b^2-2c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc=0
<=>(-a^2+2ab-b^2)+(-b^2+2bc-c^2)+(-a^2+2ac-c^2)=0
<=>(-a+b)^2+(-b+c)^2+(-a+c)^2=0(1)
ta có:(-a+b)^2≧0, (-b+c)^2≧0, (-a+c)^2≧0(2)với mọi a,b,c.
từ (1)và (2)=>(-a+b)^2=0; (-b+c)^2=0; (-a+c)^2=0
<=>-a+b=0; -b+c=0; -a+c=0
<=>a=b=c
c, (a + b + c)^2=3(ab+ac+bc)
<=>a^2 +b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc -3ab-3ac-3bc=0
<=>a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0
<=> 2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0
<=> (a^2 - 2ab + b^2) + (b^2 - 2bc + c^2) + (c^2 - 2ca + a^2) = 0
<=> (a - b)^2 + (b - c)^2 + (c - a)^2 = 0
<=> a = b = c
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