Cho x , y , z thõa mãn : \(x^2=yz;y^2=xz;z^2=xy\) CMR : x=y=z
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ĐẶt \(A=x^2+y^2+z^2\Rightarrow4A-12=4\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-2\left(x+y+z+xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3A-12=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+\left(z-1\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2-3\)
\(\Rightarrow3A\ge9\Rightarrow A\ge3\)
dấu= xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
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Ta có : \(\left(x-y+z\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-2xy+2xz-2yz=0\)
Mà \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge0\) nên \(-2xy+2xz-2yz\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2\left(xy+yz-xz\right)\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz-xz\ge0\)(đpcm)
Vì x-y+z=0 =>(x-y+z)2=0=>x2+y2+z2-2xy-2yz+2xz=0
=>x2+y2+z2=2xy+2yz-2xz mà x2+y2+z2\(\supseteq\)0
nên 2xy+2yz-2xz\(\supseteq\)0
=>xy+yz-xz\(\supseteq\)0
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Ta có :
\(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(y^2+z^2\ge2yz\)
\(z^2+x^2\ge2zx\)
\(x^2+1\ge2x\)
\(y^2+1\ge2y\)
\(z^2+1\ge2z\)
Suy ra : \(3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+3\ge2\left(x+y+z+xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+3\ge2.6=12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
Vậy GTNN của \(x^2+y^2+z^2\)là 3 khi x=y=z=1
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Trừ vế cho vế:
\(xy+z-\left(x+yz\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(y-1\right)-z\left(y-1\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-z\right)\left(y-1\right)=1\)
Do \(y\) nguyên dương \(\Rightarrow y\ge1\Rightarrow y-1\ge0\Rightarrow x-z>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-z=1\\y-1=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\z=x-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thế vào \(x+yz=2020\)
\(\Rightarrow x+2\left(x-1\right)=2020\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x=2022\Rightarrow x=674\Rightarrow z=673\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(674;673;2\right)\)
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\(gt\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}+y\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}+z\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}+y\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-z\right)^2}+z\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left[x.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2}+y.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2}+z.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2yz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2xz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2xy}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(1+1+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\) (bunhia)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=9\)
Thấy : \(\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right)>0\)
CMTT : \(\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+z\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left[x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{5}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có : \(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}=\sqrt{xyz}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
Mặt khác : \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=9\)
Theo đề ra ta có
\(\frac{x}{y}=\frac{z}{x};\frac{y}{x}=\frac{z}{y};\frac{z}{x}=\frac{y}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y}=\frac{y}{z}=\frac{z}{x}\)
Áp dụng tc của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có
\(\frac{x}{y}=\frac{y}{z}=\frac{z}{x}=\frac{x+y+z}{x+y+z}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x=y\\y=z\\z=x\end{cases}\)
=> x=y=z (đpcm )
Ta có : \(x^2=yz;y^2=xz;z^2=xy\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y}=\frac{z}{x};\frac{x}{y}=\frac{y}{z};\frac{z}{x}=\frac{y}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y}=\frac{y}{z}=\frac{z}{x}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau , ta có :
\(\frac{x}{y}=\frac{y}{z}=\frac{z}{x}=\frac{x+y+z}{y+z+x}=1\) ( vì trùng nhau )
\(\Rightarrow x=y;y=z;z=x\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z\)